The present study quantified environmental impacts of the Rawalpindi Waste Management Company (RWMC) value chain in Pakistan for three consecutive years (2015–2018) using a cradle-to-grave life cycle assessment (LCA) approach. Energy potential from municipal solid wastes (MSW) was also predicted till the year 2050. Based on a functional unit of 1.0 tonne of MSW, the study analyzed inputs and outputs data through SimaPro v.8.3 applying CML 2000 methodology and cumulative exergy demand indicator (CExD). LCA revealed that operational activities of RWMC mainly contributed to marine aquatic ecotoxicity, i.e. 8962.83 kg1,4-DBeq t⁻¹ MSW, indicating long-range transport of petrogenic hydrocarbons from the company’s fleet gasoline combustion. Similarly, human toxicity potential, global warming potential and freshwater aquatic ecotoxicity potential were also found to be significant, i.e. 18.14 kg1,4-DBeq t⁻¹ MSW, 15.79 kgCO₂eq t⁻¹ MSW and 6.22 kg1,4-DBeq t⁻¹ MSW, respectively. The CExD showed that company activities consumed 827.14 MJ t⁻¹ MSW exergy from nature, and gasoline used in MSW transport was the most exergy-intensive process, using 634.47 MJ exergy per tonne MSW disposed of. Projections for energy generation potential up to the year 2050 showed that MSW of Rawalpindi city will have the potential to produce 3901 megawatt of energy to fulfill the energy needs of the country. Possible stratagems to reduce environmental impacts from the municipal solid waste management (MSWM) value chain of RWMC include curtailing dependency on petrogenic and fossil fuels in mobile sources, optimization of waste collection methods and dumping routes, inclining attention toward suitable wastes-to-energy conversion technology and opting for a holistic approach of MSWM in Pakistan.

本研究使用从摇篮到坟墓的生命周期评估（LCA）方法，连续三年（2015-2018年）量化了巴基斯坦Rawalpindi废物管理公司（RWMC）价值链的环境影响。到2050年，城市固体废物（MSW）的能源潜力也得到了预测。该研究基于1.0吨MSW的功能单位，通过SimaPro v.8.3应用CML 2000方法和累积火用需求指标分析了投入和产出数据（ CExD）。LCA透露，RWMC的运营活动主要导致了海洋水生生态毒性，即8962.83 kg1,4-DBeq t ^-1MSW，表明该公司车队汽油燃烧产生的生烃有远距离运输。同样，人类的潜在毒性，全球变暖潜能和淡水水生生态毒性潜力也被认为是显著，即18.14 kg1,4-DBeq牛逼^-1 MSW，15.79 kgCO ₂ EQ牛逼^-1 MSW和6.22 kg1,4-DBeq牛逼^{- 1} MSW。CExD显示公司活动消耗了827.14 MJ t ^-1来自自然界的MSW火用，MSW运输中使用的汽油是最耗能的过程，每处置一吨MSW使用634.47 MJ火用。到2050年的发电潜力预测表明，拉瓦尔品第市的城市固体废弃物将有潜力产生3901兆瓦的能源，以满足该国的能源需求。减少RWMC的城市固体废物管理（MSWM）价值链对环境的影响的可能策略包括减少对移动源中的成石燃料和化石燃料的依赖，优化废物收集方法和倾倒路线，将注意力转向适当的废物转化为能源技术，并选择在巴基斯坦采用MSWM的整体方法。