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Soluble Salts in Compost and Their Effects on Soil and Plants: A Review
Compost Science & Utilization ( IF 1.188 ) Pub Date : 2020-08-19
Matthew Gondek, David C. Weindorf, Carmen Thiel, Greg Kleinheinz

Abstract

The chemical, physical, and biological conditions of soil and growing media can be substantively improved by the addition of compost. Compost contains many plant essential nutrients (e.g. N, P, and K) and can also be a source of organic matter. However, concerns persist over composts with a high concentration of soluble salts and their effects on soil fertility, plant growth, and yields. Soluble salts refer to soluble ions such as Ca2+, K+, Mg2+, and Na+ in compost and are measured indirectly and cumulatively through electrical conductivity (EC). Specifically, compost salinity is commonly measured using a method referred to as EC5 whereas soils are measured using an ECe. The use of a variety of non-standardized methodologies often make interpreting results between studies difficult. A compost with an EC5 >5 dS m−1 could be the result of high concentrations of Na+ or other ions, which can be detrimental to plants due to their ability to accumulate in plant tissue and interfere with root uptake of water. Thus, reducing soluble salts, specifically Na+ and Cl in composts is of high importance. Other soluble salts present in compost (e.g. K+ and Ca2+) are mineral nutrients required for plant growth and can aid in reducing soil sodicity. In appropriate proportions, quality compost with a high EC5 mixed with soil or media can enhance plant growth and yields. Composts with a high EC5 are adept at aiding in soil remediation by facilitating soil particle flocculation, helping leach Na+ deeper into the soil profile and raising soil cation exchange capacity in support of increased soil fertility. Labeling composts and developing appropriate application methods could allay concerns associated with composts where EC5 > 5 dS m−1and promote compost use and sustainable farming practices.



中文翻译:

堆肥中的可溶性盐及其对土壤和植物的影响

摘要

堆肥的添加可以大大改善土壤和生长介质的化学,物理和生物学条件。堆肥包含许多植物必需的营养素(例如N,P和K),并且还可以是有机物质的来源。然而,人们一直关注具有高浓度可溶性盐的堆肥及其对土壤肥力,植物生长和产量的影响。可溶性盐是指堆肥中的可溶性离子,例如Ca 2 +,K +,Mg 2+和Na +,并通过电导率(EC)间接和累积地进行测量。具体而言,通常使用称为EC 5的方法来测量堆肥盐度,而使用EC e来测量土壤。。各种非标准化方法的使用通常使研究之间难以解释结果。EC 5 > 5 dS m -1的堆肥可能是高浓度的Na +或其他离子的结果,由于它们在植物组织中积累并干扰根系吸收水分的能力,可能对植物有害。因此,减少水溶性盐,特别是钠+和Cl -中的堆肥是非常重要的。堆肥中存在的其他可溶性盐(例如K +和Ca 2+)是植物生长所需的矿物质营养素,可以帮助减少土壤的碱度。适当比例的高EC 5堆肥与土壤或培养基混合可以增强植物的生长和产量。EC 5高的堆肥通过促进土壤颗粒的絮凝,帮助将Na +浸出到土壤剖面中并提高土壤阳离子交换能力来支持土壤肥力,从而有助于土壤修复。给堆肥贴标签并开发适当的施用方法可以缓解与堆肥相关的担忧,其中EC 5 > 5 dS m -1并促进堆肥的使用和可持续农业实践。

更新日期:2020-08-19
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