Humans are continuously exposed to radiation, originating from natural backgrounds or artificial sources. We focused on the X‐ray irradiations to which people are exposed during routine medical checkups. We probed the cellular metabolic responses by feeding human umbilical vein endothelial cells with three different ¹³C‐labeled molecules, which was followed by irradiation with three different doses of X‐rays, which was followed by four different incubation periods. We monitored the downstream metabolites via two‐dimensional NMR spectroscopy to figure out what input was best suited for our purpose. We found that even though the glucose provided the highest number of metabolized products, the glutamine, which was the lowest, provided as much information as the glucose. Second, the glucose and the glutamine were suitable for the purpose of probing the recovery process, but pyruvate was not suitable. Lastly, 48 h seemed to be needed for the cells to recover from the irradiation shock.

中文翻译：

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二维NMR光谱法探测探针对辐射暴露的代谢反应的三种不同进入分子的比较

人类不断暴露于自然背景或人工来源的辐射下。我们重点关注人们在常规体检过程中所受到的X射线照射。我们通过给人脐静脉内皮细胞喂食三种不同的^13来探测细胞的代谢反应C标记的分子，然后用三种不同剂量的X射线进行辐照，然后进行四个不同的潜伏期。我们通过二维NMR光谱监测了下游代谢物，以找出最适合我们目的的输入。我们发现，即使葡萄糖提供了最多的代谢产物，但最低的谷氨酰胺却提供了与葡萄糖一样多的信息。其次，葡萄糖和谷氨酰胺适合于探测回收过程，但丙酮酸不适合。最后，似乎需要48小时才能使细胞从照射冲击中恢复。