Microgrids (MGs) as a key building block of smart grids have been emerged to address the proliferation of distributed energy resources. In grid‐connected MGs, dynamic economic load dispatch (DELD) module determines optimal schedule of distributed energy resources and adjustable loads and power to be exchanged with upstream grid, while all operational constraints of the MG are respected. DELD in MGs represents a constrained optimization problem with uncertain input data, as the forecasts of demand, renewable generation and market price are uncertain. In this research, particle swarm optimization (PSO) as a bio‐inspired optimization algorithm is used to solve DELD in grid‐connected MGs, while demand response program is integrated into MG and the uncertainties of demand, renewable power generation and market price are dealt with two‐point estimate method (TPEM). Load curtailment as a demand response program is used for reducing operation cost of microgrids. The performance of PSO is compared with two optimization algorithms including grey wolf optimization and backtracking search algorithm. As per the results, at times with low grid power price, microgrid imports power from upstream grid and at times with high power price it exports power to the upstream grid. The results show that the integration of demand response has significantly reduced the operation cost of the microgrid. The effect of change in maximum curtailable power on the operation cost of the MG has been investigated.

中文翻译：

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考虑需求，可再生能源发电和市场价格不确定性的并网微电网动态环境经济负荷调度

微电网（MGs）已经成为智能电网的重要组成部分，以应对分布式能源的扩散。在并网的MG中，动态经济负荷分配（DELD）模块确定了分布式能源的最佳调度以及与上游电网交换的可调负荷和电力，同时遵守了MG的所有运行约束。由于需求，可再生能源发电和市场价格的预测是不确定的，因此，MGs中的DELD表示输入数据不确定的受限优化问题。在这项研究中，粒子群优化（PSO）作为一种受生物启发的优化算法，用于解决并网MG的DELD，而需求响应程序已集成到MG和需求不确定性中，可再生能源发电和市场价格采用两点估计法（TPEM）进行处理。减少负荷作为需求响应程序用于减少微电网的运营成本。将PSO的性能与包括灰狼优化和回溯搜索算法在内的两种优化算法进行了比较。根据结果​​，微电网有时从上游电网进口电力，而微电网有时则从上游电网进口电力。结果表明，需求响应的集成大大降低了微电网的运营成本。已经研究了最大可削减功率的变化对MG运营成本的影响。将PSO的性能与包括灰狼优化和回溯搜索算法在内的两种优化算法进行了比较。根据结果​​，微电网有时从上游电网进口电力，而微电网有时则从上游电网进口电力。结果表明，需求响应的集成大大降低了微电网的运营成本。已经研究了最大可削减功率的变化对MG运营成本的影响。将PSO的性能与包括灰狼优化和回溯搜索算法在内的两种优化算法进行了比较。根据结果​​，微电网有时从上游电网进口电力，而微电网有时则从上游电网进口电力。结果表明，需求响应的集成大大降低了微电网的运营成本。已经研究了最大可削减功率的变化对MG运营成本的影响。结果表明，需求响应的集成大大降低了微电网的运营成本。已经研究了最大可削减功率的变化对MG运营成本的影响。结果表明，需求响应的集成显着降低了微电网的运营成本。已经研究了最大可削减功率的变化对MG运营成本的影响。