The development of sustainable energy solutions that reduce global carbon emissions, while maintaining high living standards, is one of the grand challenges of the current century. Transportation fuels are critical to economic development, globalization, and the advancement of society. Although ground vehicles and small aircraft are beginning a slow transition toward electric propulsion with energy sourced from solar radiation or wind, the extreme power requirements of jet aircraft require a more concentrated source of energy that is conveniently provided by liquid hydrocarbon fuels. This Review describes recent efforts to develop efficient routes for the conversion of crude biomass sources (e. g., lignocellulose) to cycloalkanes. These cycloalkanes impart advantageous properties to jet fuels, including increased density, higher volumetric heat of combustion, and enhanced operability. The combination of bio‐based cycloalkanes and synthetic paraffinic kerosenes allows for the preparation of 100 % bio‐based fuels that can outperform conventional petroleum‐based fuels. In this Review methods are described that convert biomass‐derived small molecules, including furfural, furfuryl alcohol, 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural, cyclic ketones, phenolics, acyclic ketones, cyclic alcohols, furans, esters, and alkenes to high‐density cycloalkanes. In addition to describing the chemical transformations and catalysts that have been developed to efficiently produce various cycloalkanes, this Review includes summaries of key fuel properties, which highlight the ability to generate fuels with customized performance metrics. This work is intended to inspire other researchers to study the conversion of sustainable feedstocks to full‐performance aviation fuels. An acceleration of this research is critical to reducing the carbon footprint of commercial and military aviation on a timescale that will help blunt the impacts of global warming.

中文翻译：

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生物基环烷烃：高性能可持续喷气燃料的缺失环节。

开发可持续的能源解决方案以减少全球碳排放，同时保持较高的生活水平，是本世纪的重大挑战之一。运输燃料对于经济发展，全球化和社会进步至关重要。尽管地面车辆和小型飞机正开始缓慢地向电动推进过渡，其能量来自太阳辐射或风能，但喷气式飞机的极端功率需求需要更加集中的能源，而液态烃燃料可以方便地提供这种能源。该评论描述了最近的努力，以开发将粗生物质来源（例如，木质纤维素）转化为环烷烃的有效途径。这些环烷烃赋予喷气燃料以有利的性能，包括增加的密度，更高的燃烧体积热，并提高了可操作性。生物基环烷烃和合成石蜡煤油的组合可制备出100％优于传统石油基燃料的生物基燃料。本文概述了将生物质衍生的小分子（包括糠醛，糠醇，5-羟甲基糠醛，环状酮，酚类，无环酮，环状醇，呋喃，酯和烯烃）转化为高密度环烷烃的方法。除了描述为有效生产各种环烷烃而开发的化学转化和催化剂外，本综述还包括关键燃料特性的摘要，突出了使用定制性能指标生产燃料的能力。这项工作旨在激发其他研究人员研究可持续性原料向全功能航空燃料的转化。加速这项研究对于在一定程度上减少商用和军用航空的碳足迹至关重要，这将有助于减轻全球变暖的影响。