Due to the high penetration of renewable energy systems (RES), power system requires more flexibility to respond to the fluctuation of variable renewable energy sources. A viable economic measure that can be used to achieve greater flexibility is using distributed energy resources (DERs) installed on the demand side. Electricity time-of-use (TOU) rates can be used as an incentive to encourage prosumers to provide more flexibility by controlling the DERs. We propose TOU pricing that ensures every prosumer saves on energy costs. An aggregator procures flexibility from residential prosumers and provides this flexibility to a power system operator in exchange for a reward. A simulation model that reflects the power system’s flexibility requirements and the assignment of TOU pricing to satisfy the cost minimization requirements of the DERs of prosumers is described. Numerical simulations were performed for three scenarios with different flexibility requirements. The results indicate that the proposed TOU pricing is economically efficient and enables the aggregator to procure flexibility from its prosumers while increasing its own profit and reducing the energy cost of its prosumers.

由于可再生能源系统（RES）的高度普及，电力系统需要更大的灵活性来应对可变的可再生能源的波动。可以用来实现更大灵活性的可行的经济措施是使用安装在需求方的分布式能源（DER）。用电时间（TOU）费率可作为激励措施，鼓励生产者通过控制DER来提供更大的灵活性。我们建议使用TOU定价，以确保每个生产者节省能源成本。聚合器从住宅生产者那里获得灵活性，并将这种灵活性提供给电力系统运营商以换取奖励。描述了一个仿真模型，该模型反映了电力系统的灵活性要求和TOU定价的分配，以满足生产者DER的成本最小化要求。针对三种具有不同灵活性要求的方案进行了数值模拟。结果表明，拟议的TOU定价在经济上有效，并且使聚合器能够从其生产者那里获取灵活性，同时增加其自身利润并降低其生产者的能源成本。