Our understanding of what makes a family has changed dramatically in recent decades due to advances in reproductive technologies accompanied by changing social attitudes. But what has the impact been on children? This article presents a summary of research on parent–child relationships and the psychological adjustment of children in families created by assisted reproduction. The findings show that families with lesbian mothers, gay fathers, and single mothers by choice, and families created by donor conception and surrogacy, are just as likely to flourish as traditional families, and sometimes more so, although the children from these families will sometimes face prejudiced attitudes from others. It is concluded that the quality of family relationships and the wider social environment matter more for children's psychological wellbeing than the number, gender, sexual orientation, or biological relatedness of their parents.

近几十年来，由于生殖技术的进步以及社会态度的变化，我们对家庭的理解发生了巨大变化。但是对孩子有什么影响呢？本文总结了亲子关系和辅助生殖家庭中儿童心理调整的研究。研究结果表明，有女同性恋母亲、同性恋父亲和单身母亲的家庭，以及通过捐赠受孕和代孕创建的家庭，与传统家庭一样繁荣，有时甚至更多，尽管这些家庭的孩子有时会面对他人的偏见态度。结论是家庭关系的质量和更广泛的社会环境对儿童的影响更大。