The arrangement of wind turbines in clusters presents two noteworthy issues: (1) diminished power generation brought about by wake wind speed deficits and (2) expanded unique loads on the blades caused by higher turbulence levels. The drop in power generation of downstream wind turbines can reach up to 46% of the upstream wind turbines in entirely created wake conditions. Thus, wind farm layout optimisation is an essential design criterion of a wind farm. Focusing on optimising the micro-position of the turbines within the wind farm to minimise the wake effects can maximise the expected power output. There are several crucial aspects in designing a wind farm layout, and most of the previous studies have been focusing on maximising the overall energy yield and minimise the initial investment. Several optimisation methods based on heuristic techniques have successfully found optimal solution to these challenges. However, far too little attention has been paid on comparing these methodologies to each other. Therefore, this work aims to survey the existing approaches used to-date in solving the wind turbine positioning within the wind farm. This work firstly briefs the historical background of the conventional development of a wind farm. Then, key features and basic components of a wind farm modelling are discussed and categorised into the following: wind farm siting, layout design, wake models and objective functions. Several research gaps and suggestion of future research areas in this field are highlighted which shall enable to guide researchers to explore further in the upcoming studies.

群集中的风力涡轮机布置存在两个值得注意的问题：（1）尾流风速不足导致发电量减少；（2）湍流水平较高导致叶片上的独特载荷扩大。在完全产生的尾流条件下，下游风力涡轮机的发电量下降最多可达到上游风力涡轮机的46％。因此，风电场布局优化是风电场的基本设计准则。专注于优化风电场中涡轮机的微型位置以最大程度地减少尾流影响可以最大化预期的功率输出。在设计风电场布局时，有几个关键方面，并且以前的大多数研究都集中在最大程度地提高整体能源产量和最小化初始投资上。基于启发式技术的几种优化方法已经成功找到了应对这些挑战的最佳解决方案。但是，在将这些方法相互比较时，很少关注。因此，这项工作旨在调查迄今为止用于解决风力发电场内风力涡轮机位置问题的现有方法。这项工作首先简要介绍了风电场常规开发的历史背景。然后，讨论了风电场建模的关键特征和基本组件，并将其分为以下几类：风电场选址，布局设计，尾流模型和目标函数。突出了该领域的一些研究空白和对未来研究领域的建议，这些将有助于指导研究人员在即将进行的研究中进一步探索。