Abstract Rice serves as a source of livelihood to millions of people as staple food. Stem rot of rice caused by Sclerotium oryzae has been an agriculturally significant disease cause about 35% of crop loss. This review dealt with stem rot management strategies applying various agronomic practices. Control of stem rot using fungicide leads to environmental hazour along with its residual effect on human health. Thus, biocontrol using Trichoderma is an alternative cost effective method. Utilization of resistant wild rice genotypes like Oryza rufipogon, O. spontanea and O. nivara opens scope for safe transmission of the heritable trait through breeding. Plant immunisation by undderstanding pathogen associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), molecular interaction between the elicitors and the corresponding plant receptor protein, R-gene-dependent resistance, host specific resistance by defense signaling through conserve nucleotide-binding and leucine-rich repeat domains are discussed. Early defense response (EDR), role of ROS, anti-oxidant enzymes, plant specific phytoalexin synthesis, release of defense signaling molecules, activation of different signaling pathways are also presented on plant defiance strategy. Activation of MAPKs, npr1 gene regulation, abundant expression of transcript factors (TF) genes, anti-microbial PR protein release, systemic acquired resistance by metal ions induced proteins may be utilized applying biotechnological tools for acquiring stem rot resistance in rice.

中文翻译：

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稻瘟病防治水稻茎腐病及其细胞防御机制——综述

摘要 大米作为主食是数百万人的生计来源。由米核菌引起的水稻茎腐病是一种农业上重要的病害，造成约 35% 的作物损失。本综述涉及应用各种农艺实践的茎腐病管理策略。使用杀菌剂控制茎腐病会导致环境危害及其对人类健康的残留影响。因此，使用木霉进行生物防治是一种具有成本效益的替代方法。利用诸如 Oryza rufipogon、O. spontanea 和 O. nivara 等抗性野生稻基因型为通过育种安全传播可遗传性状开辟了空间。通过了解病原体相关分子模式 (PAMP)、激发子与相应植物受体蛋白之间的分子相互作用进行植物免疫，讨论了 R 基因依赖性抗性、通过保守核苷酸结合和富含亮氨酸重复结构域的防御信号的宿主特异性抗性。早期防御反应 (EDR)、ROS 的作用、抗氧化酶、植物特异性植物抗毒素合成、防御信号分子的释放、不同信号通路的激活也呈现在植物反抗策略中。MAPK 的激活、npr1 基因调控、转录因子 (TF) 基因的大量表达、抗微生物 PR 蛋白释放、金属离子诱导蛋白的系统获得性抗性可用于应用生物技术工具在水稻中获得茎腐病抗性。抗氧化酶、植物特异性植物抗毒素合成、防御信号分子的释放、不同信号通路的激活也呈现在植物反抗策略中。MAPK 的激活、npr1 基因调控、转录因子 (TF) 基因的大量表达、抗微生物 PR 蛋白释放、金属离子诱导蛋白的系统获得性抗性可用于应用生物技术工具在水稻中获得茎腐病抗性。抗氧化酶、植物特异性植物抗毒素合成、防御信号分子的释放、不同信号通路的激活也呈现在植物反抗策略中。MAPK 的激活、npr1 基因调控、转录因子 (TF) 基因的大量表达、抗微生物 PR 蛋白释放、金属离子诱导蛋白的系统获得性抗性可用于应用生物技术工具在水稻中获得茎腐病抗性。