The current coronavirus pandemic, COVID-19, is the third outbreak of disease caused by the coronavirus family, after Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome. It is an acute infectious disease caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). This severe disease is characterised by acute respiratory distress syndrome, septic shock, metabolic acidosis, coagulation dysfunction, and multiple organ dysfunction syndromes. Currently, no drugs or vaccines exist against the disease and the only course of treatment is symptom management involving mechanical ventilation, immune suppressants, and repurposed drugs. The severe form of the disease has a relatively high mortality rate. The last six months have seen an explosion of information related to the host receptors, virus transmission, virus structure-function relationships, pathophysiology, co-morbidities, immune response, treatment and the most promising vaccines. This review takes a critically comprehensive look at various aspects of the host-pathogen interaction in COVID-19. We examine the genomic aspects of SARS-CoV-2, modulation of innate and adaptive immunity, complement-triggered microangiopathy, and host transmission modalities. We also examine its pathophysiological impact during pregnancy, in addition to emphasizing various gaps in our knowledge. The lessons learnt from various clinical trials involving repurposed drugs have been summarised. We also highlight the rationale and likely success of the most promising vaccine candidates.

当前的冠状病毒大流行（COVID-19）是继严重急性呼吸综合症和中东呼吸综合症之后，由冠状病毒家族引起的第三次疾病爆发。它是由严重急性呼吸系统综合症冠状病毒2（SARS-CoV-2）引起的急性传染病。这种严重疾病的特点是急性呼吸窘迫综合征、感染性休克、代谢性酸中毒、凝血功能障碍和多器官功能障碍综合征。目前，尚无针对该疾病的药物或疫苗，唯一的治疗方法是症状管理，包括机械通气、免疫抑制剂和重新利用药物。该疾病的严重形式具有相对较高的死亡率。在过去的六个月里，有关宿主受体、病毒传播、病毒结构与功能关系、病理生理学、共病、免疫反应、治疗和最有希望的疫苗的信息激增。这篇综述对 COVID-19 中宿主与病原体相互作用的各个方面进行了批判性的全面审视。我们研究了 SARS-CoV-2 的基因组方面、先天性和适应性免疫的调节、补体触发的微血管病和宿主传播方式。除了强调我们知识中的各种差距之外，我们还研究了其在怀孕期间的病理生理学影响。总结了从涉及再利用药物的各种临床试验中吸取的经验教训。我们还强调了最有希望的候选疫苗的基本原理和可能的成功。