Abstract The performance of seven wind resources in simulating the significant wave height (Hs) for the Bohai, Yellow, and East China Seas (BYES) was evaluated with a numerical wave model (Simulating WAves Nearshore, SWAN) for the year 2016. The model outputs were carefully compared with coastal oceanic station data and altimeter observations. Most wind fields can deliver good wave simulations in our study area. The fifth generation atmospheric reanalysis of the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ERA5) performs the best in the coastal region, while Cross-Calibrated Multi-Platform version 2 (CCMPv2) performs the best in the inner region. Through presenting the wave model performance/wind field quality as a function of sea state/wind condition, we revealed that the positive/negative bias of lower/higher wind speed in the forcing wind field is highly correlated to the overestimation/underestimation of lower/higher Hs in the simulation results. In addition, the SWAN model with default settings tends to increase the negative biases in the resulting Hs. A conclusion related to all wind fields is that the wave model performance is generally better in the south than in the north, reaching the best in the South Yellow Sea, followed by the East China Sea, North Yellow Sea, and Bohai Sea. Further analysis indicated that the relatively poor wind field quality of low wind speeds directly results in larger simulation errors for lower wave heights. Meanwhile, the northern sea areas are dominated by lower wave heights, thereby leading to the poorer wave simulations here.

中文翻译：

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用SWAN模型模拟渤海、黄海和东海（BYES）不同风资源的评估

摘要 利用数值波浪模型（Simulating Waves Nearshore，SWAN）对7种风资源在模拟渤海、黄海和东海（BYES）的有效波高（Hs）方面的性能进行了评估。该模型在2016年进行了评估。输出结果与沿海海洋站数据和高度计观测结果进行了仔细比较。大多数风场可以在我们的研究区域提供良好的波浪模拟。欧洲中期天气预报中心（ERA5）的第五代大气再分析在沿海地区表现最好，而交叉校准多平台版本2（CCMPv2）在内部地区表现最好。通过将波浪模型性能/风场质量呈现为海况/风况的函数，我们揭示了强迫风场中较低/较高风速的正/负偏差与模拟结果中较低/较高 Hs 的高估/低估高度相关。此外，具有默认设置的 SWAN 模型往往会增加生成的 Hs 中的负偏差。与所有风场相关的一个结论是，波浪模型的性能一般在南方好于北方，在南黄海达到最好，其次是东海、北黄海和渤海。进一步分析表明，低风速的风场质量相对较差，直接导致较低波高的模拟误差较大。同时，北部海域以较低的波高为主，从而导致这里的波浪模拟较差。