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Soil alkaline phosphatase activity and bacterial phoD gene abundance and diversity under regimes of inorganic fertilizer reduction with straw
Journal of Soils and Sediments ( IF 3.6 ) Pub Date : 2020-08-19 , DOI: 10.1007/s11368-020-02748-3
Yingyan Wang , Rong Huang , Guoxing Xu , Jiacheng Li , Zifang Wang , En Ci , Ming Gao

Purpose

Alkaline phosphatase (ALP), which was encoded by bacterial phoD genes, hydrolyzes organic phosphorus (P) into dissolved phosphorus in soils and is therefore vital for absorbing phosphorus (P) in vegetation. However, the unreasonable application of chemical fertilizer will inhibit this process of dissolving phosphorus. Until now, although the fact that straw is the optimal C source has been recognized, its impact on phoD-harboring bacteria under decreasing chemical fertilizer is not clear.

Materials and methods

A field experiment was established with chemical fertilizer only (F) and the gradient inorganic fertilizer reduction with straw: inorganic fertilizer with straw (FS), 70% inorganic fertilizer with straw (0.7FS), 60% inorganic fertilizer with straw (0.6FS), and 50% inorganic fertilizer with straw (0.5FS). Mixed treatments received equal amounts of straw. Integrated high-throughput absolute abundance quantification (iHAAQ) was used to investigate the phoD bacterial community structure.

Results and discussion

From the correlation between the plant-total P of three vegetables and microbial variables, only the plant-total P of chili was significantly related to ALP and the abundance of phoD gene. Although the total vegetable yield was significantly increased by the addition of straw, no correlation with ALP and phoD bacterial community was found. In addition, the abundance of the phoD bacterial community and the levels of ALP activity were both higher in a regime featuring 70% inorganic fertilization with straw (0.7FS), but the ability of phoD bacteria ALP release was strongly activated in a regime featuring 50% inorganic fertilization with straw (0.5FS). Distance-based redundancy analysis (db-RDA) indicated that the community of phoD bacteria clustered four groups and suggested that a number of soil factors played key roles in shaping the entire phoD bacterial community, including soil organic carbon, total nitrogen, available phosphorus, Ca2+-Ex, and total potassium. The correlation between the absolute abundance of ALP-regulating bacteria and ALP activity suggests that Amycolatopsis may predominantly account for ALP activity, especially in the 0.5FS regime.

Conclusion

In the reduction of chemical fertilizer, the straw substitution did not reshape the structure of the phoD bacterial community but strongly activated phoD bacteria to release ALP.



中文翻译:

秸秆还田无机肥条件下土壤碱性磷酸酶活性和细菌phoD基因的丰度和多样性。

目的

碱性磷酸酶(ALP)由细菌phoD基因编码,可将有机磷(P)水解成土壤中的溶解磷,因此对于吸收植被中的磷(P)至关重要。但是,不合理地使用化肥会抑制磷的溶解过程。到目前为止,尽管已经认识到秸秆是最佳碳源这一事实,但在化学肥料减少的情况下,秸秆对磷细菌的影响尚不清楚。

材料和方法

建立了仅使用化肥(F)和使用秸秆进行梯度无机肥减量的田间试验:秸秆无机肥(FS),秸秆无机肥70%(0.7FS),秸秆无机肥60%(0.6FS)以及含秸秆的50%无机肥(0.5FS)。混合处理接受等量的稻草。集成的高通量绝对丰度定量(iHAAQ)用于研究phoD细菌群落结构。

结果和讨论

从三种蔬菜的植物总磷与微生物变量之间的相关性来看,仅辣椒的植物总磷与ALP和phoD基因的丰度显着相关。尽管通过添加秸秆可显着提高蔬菜总产量,但未发现与ALP和phoD细菌群落相关。此外,在以70%的稻草无机肥施肥的情况下(0.7FS),phoD细菌群落的丰度和ALP活性水平均较高,但在以50%的土壤条件下,phoD细菌ALP释放的能力被强烈激活。秸秆的无机肥百分比(0.5FS)。基于距离的冗余分析(db-RDA)表明,phoD细菌聚集了四个类别,表明许多土壤因素在塑造整个phoD细菌群落中起着关键作用,包括土壤有机碳,总氮,有效磷,Ca 2+ -Ex和总钾。ALP调节细菌的绝对丰度与ALP活性之间的相关性表明,霉菌病可能主要是ALP活性的原因,尤其是在0.5FS方案中。

结论

在减少化学肥料中,用稻草代替并不能改变phoD细菌群落的结构,而是可以强烈激活phoD细菌以释放ALP。

更新日期:2020-08-19
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