The high-precision water level measurements with a sampling interval of 5–10 min were carried out in 1996–2017 in the YuZ-5 well, Kamchatka. In the obtained time series, water level variations caused by the passage of seismic waves (hydrogeoseismic variations—HGSV) during 19 earthquakes with Мw = 6.8–9.1 which occurred at epicentral distances of 80–14.6 thousand km are revealed. Based on the HGSV morphological features, four main types of these variations are distinguished: oscillations (I); short (up to tens of hours) water level rises superimposed on oscillations (II); short rises (III); and long (1.5–3 months) drawdowns (IV). The dependence of the occurrence of the revealed GHSV types on earthquake parameters (magnitude and distance), specific energy density and maximum seismic wave velocity, and the amplitude-frequency content of ground motion is analyzed based on the records at a nearest seismic station. Based on several case studies, hydrogeodynamic processes of HGSV formation are investigated using numerical modeling. It is shown that the forced and free amplitude fluctuations in the water level (types I and II) can arise due to the enhancement of groundwater pressure variations in the well–water-bearing rock system during the passage of surface seismic waves with periods corresponding to the resonant frequency of the well (τ = 44.6 s). The rise in the water level in well lasting for tens minutes to hours (types II and III of HGSV variation) is caused by the short increase in pressure under violation of the steady water flow in the direct vicinity of the well; strong local earthquakes accompanied by ground shaking with intensity Imsk-64 ≥ 5 cause sustained drawdowns (type IV) due to pressure drop with the amplitudes up to 0.1 bar within a radius of up to a few hundred meters from the well.

中文翻译：

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地震波对井水位变化的影响：经验数据和模型

1996-2017年在堪察加半岛YuZ-5井进行了采样间隔为5-10分钟的高精度水位测量。在获得的时间序列中，揭示了发生在震中距 80-14.6 万公里的 19 次 Мw = 6.8-9.1 地震中，由地震波的通过（水文地震变化——HGSV）引起的水位变化。基于 HGSV 的形态特征，这些变化的四种主要类型被区分：振荡（I）；短时间（长达数十小时）水位上升叠加振荡（II）；空头上涨（III）；和长期（1.5-3 个月）回撤（IV）。所揭示的 GHSV 类型的发生对地震参数（震级和距离）、比能量密度和最大地震波速度的依赖性，并根据最近地震台的记录分析地震动的幅频成分。基于几个案例研究，使用数值模拟研究了 HGSV 形成的水文地球动力学过程。结果表明，在周期对应的地表地震波通过期间，井-含水岩石系统中地下水压力变化的增强可能导致水位（I型和II型）的强迫和自由振幅波动。井的共振频率 (τ = 44.6 s)。井内水位持续数十分钟至数小时的上升（HGSV变异的II型和III型）是由于井附近的稳定水流在违反稳定水流的情况下短暂增加引起的；