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Recent Movements of the Earth’s Surface and Stress Propagation in the Elastic Upper Crust
Izvestiya, Physics of the Solid Earth ( IF 1 ) Pub Date : 2020-07-01 , DOI: 10.1134/s1069351320040047 B. I. Birger
Izvestiya, Physics of the Solid Earth ( IF 1 ) Pub Date : 2020-07-01 , DOI: 10.1134/s1069351320040047 B. I. Birger
The Earth’s crust is modeled by a thin elastic plate, whereas the underlying lithosphere by a half-space with viscous fluid rheology. For this system, with the use of the Fourier transform with respect to horizontal coordinates and the Laplace transform with respect to time, the solutions of continuum mechanics equations are obtained in the form of the diffusion type waves which propagate with strong attenuation from the initial perturbation domain across the Earth’s surface and cause its displacements. Analytical formula for these waves is obtained for the case of a point initial perturbation, which explicitly links the Earth’s surface displacements and stresses in the elastic crust with the horizontal coordinates and time. The diffusion waves (inertialess Rayleigh and Love waves) can be considered as a mechanism of recent vertical and horizontal movements of the Earth’s crust. The inertialess Rayleigh waves restore the isostatic equilibrium of the Earth’s crust which is disturbed by the initial vertical displacement of the Earth’s surface. In the case when an inertialess Love wave propagates along a locked fault from a segment where the fault has ruptured which was accompanied by an earthquake, this wave lowers the normal stress applied to the fault’s side and, hence, reduces the friction force thus facilitating rupture on a remote part of the locked fault and causing a new earthquake.
中文翻译:
地表近期运动与弹性上地壳应力传播
地壳由薄弹性板模拟,而下面的岩石圈由具有粘性流体流变学的半空间模拟。对于该系统,利用对水平坐标的傅里叶变换和对时间的拉普拉斯变换,以扩散型波的形式获得连续介质力学方程的解,该波从初始扰动以强衰减传播域跨越地球表面并导致其位移。这些波的解析公式是在点初始扰动的情况下获得的,它明确地将地球表面位移和弹性地壳中的应力与水平坐标和时间联系起来。扩散波(无惯性瑞利波和洛夫波)可以被认为是地壳近期垂直和水平运动的一种机制。无惯性的瑞利波恢复了地壳的等静平衡,该平衡受到地球表面初始垂直位移的干扰。当无惯性洛夫波从断层破裂并伴随地震的断层沿锁定断层传播时,该波降低了施加到断层侧的法向应力,从而降低了摩擦力,从而促进了破裂在锁定断层的偏远部分并引起新的地震。无惯性的瑞利波恢复了地壳的等静平衡,该平衡受到地球表面初始垂直位移的干扰。当无惯性洛夫波从断层破裂并伴随地震的断层沿锁定断层传播时,该波降低了施加到断层侧的法向应力,从而降低了摩擦力,从而促进了破裂在锁定断层的偏远部分并引起新的地震。无惯性的瑞利波恢复了地壳的等静平衡,该平衡受到地球表面初始垂直位移的干扰。当无惯性洛夫波从断层破裂并伴随地震的断层沿锁定断层传播时,该波降低了施加到断层侧的法向应力,从而降低了摩擦力,从而促进了破裂在锁定断层的偏远部分并引起新的地震。
更新日期:2020-07-01
中文翻译:
地表近期运动与弹性上地壳应力传播
地壳由薄弹性板模拟,而下面的岩石圈由具有粘性流体流变学的半空间模拟。对于该系统,利用对水平坐标的傅里叶变换和对时间的拉普拉斯变换,以扩散型波的形式获得连续介质力学方程的解,该波从初始扰动以强衰减传播域跨越地球表面并导致其位移。这些波的解析公式是在点初始扰动的情况下获得的,它明确地将地球表面位移和弹性地壳中的应力与水平坐标和时间联系起来。扩散波(无惯性瑞利波和洛夫波)可以被认为是地壳近期垂直和水平运动的一种机制。无惯性的瑞利波恢复了地壳的等静平衡,该平衡受到地球表面初始垂直位移的干扰。当无惯性洛夫波从断层破裂并伴随地震的断层沿锁定断层传播时,该波降低了施加到断层侧的法向应力,从而降低了摩擦力,从而促进了破裂在锁定断层的偏远部分并引起新的地震。无惯性的瑞利波恢复了地壳的等静平衡,该平衡受到地球表面初始垂直位移的干扰。当无惯性洛夫波从断层破裂并伴随地震的断层沿锁定断层传播时,该波降低了施加到断层侧的法向应力,从而降低了摩擦力,从而促进了破裂在锁定断层的偏远部分并引起新的地震。无惯性的瑞利波恢复了地壳的等静平衡,该平衡受到地球表面初始垂直位移的干扰。当无惯性洛夫波从断层破裂并伴随地震的断层沿锁定断层传播时,该波降低了施加到断层侧的法向应力,从而降低了摩擦力,从而促进了破裂在锁定断层的偏远部分并引起新的地震。