Perovskite solar cells have now become the most efficient of all multicrystalline thin film photovoltaic technologies, reaching 25.2% in 2019. This outstanding figure of merit has only been achieved on small lab-scale devices, with significantly lower performance when processed on larger more industrially relevant substrate sizes. Perovskite modules, connecting several smaller area cells together, are commonly demonstrated with a superstrate monolithic interconnection method. However, several other module designs exist and remain largely unexplored by the perovskite community. In this work, we review and highlight those alternatives and discuss their advantages and limitations. We propose that a singulated substrate-oriented module design, using metallic substrates, could provide a quicker path to seeing highly efficient, lightweight, and flexible perovskite modules on the market, while mitigating near-term technical risks. As an experimental starting-point towards this design, we demonstrate a substrate-oriented all-perovskite 2-terminal tandem with 18% efficiency.

中文翻译：

---

从现有的光伏技术中学习，以确定钙钛矿组件的替代设计

钙钛矿太阳能电池现已成为所有多晶薄膜光伏技术中效率最高的技术，到2019年将达到25.2％。这种出色的性能只有在小型实验室规模的设备上才能实现，而在更大，更工业相关的设备上进行处理时，其性能将大大降低。基材尺寸。钙钛矿模块将几个较小面积的电池连接在一起，通常采用超薄整体式互连方法进行演示。但是，钙钛矿界还存在其他几种模块设计，并且在很大程度上尚未得到开发。在这项工作中，我们回顾并重点介绍了这些替代方案，并讨论了它们的优势和局限性。我们建议，使用金属基板的面向基板的单一模块设计可以为查看高效，轻巧，以及市场上灵活的钙钛矿组件，同时降低了短期技术风险。作为此设计的实验起点，我们证明了以基质为导向的全钙钛矿2末端串联方式的效率为18％。