Cultivated plants usually differ from their wild progenitors in several morphological and/or physiological traits. Their microbe communities might also differ because of adaptation to new conditions related to cultivation. To test this hypothesis, we investigated morphological traits in a parthenogenetic root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne javanica) from natural and agricultural environments. Seventeen populations of M. javanica were sampled on cultivated and wild olives in Morocco, then maintained in controlled conditions for a ‘common garden’ experiment. We estimated the genetic variation based on three traits (stylet size, neck width and body width) by a quantitative genetic design (ten families per population and nine individuals per family were measured), and molecular variation was investigated with a mitochondrial marker to identify the genetic lineages of nematode isolates sampled from wild and cultivated olives. Significant morphological differences were detected between individuals from wild vs. cultivated hosts for the three traits, whereas no phylogenetic clustering was observed among isolates collected on those two hosts. Our results thus suggest an adaptive response of the asexual parasite, possibly related to the deep modification of soil nematode communities between natural olive stands and orchards.

中文翻译：

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普通寄生线虫（Meloidogyne javanica）对橄榄栽培的适应性反应。

栽培植物通常在几种形态和/或生理特性上与野生祖先不同。由于适应与耕作有关的新条件，它们的微生物群落也可能有所不同。为了检验该假设，我们研究了自然和农业环境中单性生殖根结线虫（Meloidogyne javanica）的形态特征。爪哇爪哇种群的17个人口从摩洛哥的栽培和野生橄榄中取样，然后保持在受控条件下进行“普通花园”实验。我们通过定量遗传设计（测量每个人口十个家庭，每个家庭九个个体），基于三个特征（探针大小，颈部宽度和体长）估计了遗传变异，并用线粒体标记物研究了分子变异，以鉴定从野生和栽培橄榄中提取的线虫分离株的遗传谱系。在三个特征的野生宿主与栽培宿主之间的个体之间检测到显着的形态学差异，而在这两个宿主上收集的分离株之间未观察到系统发育聚类。因此，我们的结果表明对无性寄生虫有适应性反应，