Fluid flows hosting electrical phenomena are the subject of a fascinating and highly interdisciplinary scientific field. In recent years, the extraordinary success of electrospinning and solution-blowing technologies for the generation of polymer nanofibers has motivated vibrant research aiming at rationalizing the behavior of viscoelastic jets under applied electric fields or other stretching fields including gas streams. Theoretical models unveiled many original aspects in the underpinning physics of polymer solutions in jets and provided useful information to improve experimental platforms. This review examines advances in the theoretical description and numerical simulation of polymer solution jets in electrospinning and solution blowing. Instability phenomena of electrical and hydrodynamic origin, which play a crucial role in the relevant flow physics, are highlighted. Specifications leading to accurate and computationally viable models are formulated. Electrohydrodynamic modeling, theories on jet bending instability, recent advances in Lagrangian approaches to describe the jet flow, including strategies for dynamic refinement of simulations, and effects of strong elongational flow on polymer networks are reviewed. Finally, the current challenges and future perspectives in the field are outlined and discussed, including the task of correlating the physics of the jet flows with the properties of relevant materials, as well as the development of multiscale techniques for modeling viscoelastic jets.

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电动射流和溶液吹塑中的聚合物溶液模型

包含电子现象的流体流是一个引人入胜且高度跨学科的科学领域的主题。近年来，静电纺丝和溶液吹塑技术在生成聚合物纳米纤维方面取得了巨大的成功，这激发了充满活力的研究，旨在使粘弹性射流在施加电场或其他拉伸场（包括气流）下的行为合理化。理论模型揭示了射流中聚合物溶液基础物理的许多原始方面，并提供了有用的信息来改善实验平台。本文综述了静电纺丝和溶液吹塑中聚合物溶液射流的理论描述和数值模拟方面的进展。电和水动力起源的不稳定性现象，突出显示了它们在相关的流物理学中起着至关重要的作用。制定了导致精确和可计算的模型的规范。审查了电动流体动力学建模，射流弯曲不稳定性的理论，描述射流的拉格朗日方法的最新进展，包括对模拟进行动态优化的策略以及强伸长流对聚合物网络的影响。最后，概述并讨论了该领域中当前的挑战和未来前景，包括使射流的物理特性与相关材料的特性相关联的任务，以及开发用于模拟粘弹性射流的多尺度技术的任务。关于射流弯曲不稳定性的理论，描述射流的拉格朗日方法的最新进展（包括对模拟进行动态优化的策略）以及强伸长流动对聚合物网络的影响进行了综述。最后，概述并讨论了该领域中当前的挑战和未来前景，包括使射流的物理特性与相关材料的特性相关联的任务，以及开发用于模拟粘弹性射流的多尺度技术的任务。关于射流弯曲不稳定性的理论，描述射流的拉格朗日方法的最新进展（包括对模拟进行动态优化的策略）以及强伸长流动对聚合物网络的影响进行了综述。最后，概述并讨论了该领域中当前的挑战和未来前景，包括使射流的物理特性与相关材料的特性相关联的任务，以及开发用于模拟粘弹性射流的多尺度技术的任务。