Pollinator conservation has become a key challenge to achieve sustainable agricultural landscapes and safeguard food supplies. Considering the potential negative effects of pollinator decline, international efforts have been developed to promote agri-environmental measures and pollinator-friendly management practices. However, little effort has been devoted to farmers’ perceptions and knowledge about pollinators, or to farmers’ role in enhancing pollination. We administered 376 face-to-face questionnaires in four areas of Spain with different dominant pollinator-dependent crops, to assess the factors behind farmers’ perceptions, knowledge, and practices adopted to promote pollination. Overall, 92.7% of the respondents recognized that pollinator insects are necessary for crop production, and 73.4% perceived pollinator decline in their farms. We found that farmers had moderate knowledge about pollinators (6.1 ± 1.8, on a 1–10 scale). The most applied practices to promote pollinators were reducing insecticide spraying (53.2% of respondents), diversifying crops (42.8%), and increasing fallow fields (39.1%). Factors such as education, age, concern about the pollinator crisis, and professional dedication to agriculture strongly influenced farmers’ knowledge and current application of pollinator-friendly practices. Implications of our results for the ongoing reform of the Common Agricultural Policy are discussed, highlighting the need to increase engagement and trust of farmers through communication and technical assistance.

保护传粉媒介已成为实现可持续农业景观和保障粮食供应的关键挑战。考虑到授粉媒介数量下降的潜在负面影响，已开展国际努力来促进农业环境措施和对授粉媒介友好的管理做法。但是，很少有人致力于农民对授粉媒介的看法和知识，或者农民在加强授粉方面的作用。我们在西班牙四个地区以不同的依赖传粉媒介的主要农作物进行了376份面对面的问卷调查，以评估农民对促进授粉的看法，知识和做法的背后因素。总体而言，有92.7％的受访者认识到授粉昆虫是作物生产所必需的，而73.4％的受访者认为其农场的授粉媒介数量下降。我们发现农民对传粉媒介有一定的了解（6.1±1.8，1-10级）。促进传粉媒介最常用的做法是减少喷洒杀虫剂（占受访者的53.2％），使作物多样化（42.8％）和增加休耕地（39.1％）。受教育程度，年龄，对传粉媒介危机的关注以及对农业的专业奉献等因素极大地影响了农民的知识以及对传粉媒介友好做法的当前应用。讨论了我们的结果对正在进行的《共同农业政策》改革的影响，强调需要通过交流和技术援助来提高农民的参与度和信任度。促进授粉媒介最常用的做法是减少杀虫剂喷洒（占受访者的53.2％），使作物多样化（42.8％）和增加休耕地（39.1％）。受教育程度，年龄，对传粉媒介危机的关注以及对农业的专业奉献等因素极大地影响了农民的知识以及对传粉媒介友好做法的当前应用。讨论了我们的结果对正在进行的《共同农业政策》改革的影响，强调需要通过交流和技术援助来提高农民的参与度和信任度。促进传粉媒介最常用的做法是减少喷洒杀虫剂（占受访者的53.2％），使作物多样化（42.8％）和增加休耕地（39.1％）。受教育程度，年龄，对传粉媒介危机的关注以及对农业的专业奉献等因素极大地影响了农民的知识以及对传粉媒介友好做法的当前应用。讨论了我们的结果对正在进行的《共同农业政策》改革的影响，强调需要通过交流和技术援助来提高农民的参与度和信任度。对农业的专业奉献极大地影响了农民的知识以及对传粉媒介友好做法的当前应用。讨论了我们的结果对正在进行的《共同农业政策》改革的影响，强调需要通过交流和技术援助来提高农民的参与度和信任度。对农业的专业奉献极大地影响了农民的知识以及对传粉媒介友好做法的当前应用。讨论了我们的结果对正在进行的《共同农业政策》改革的影响，强调需要通过交流和技术援助来提高农民的参与度和信任度。