As we approach the Decade of Ecosystem Restoration (2021–2030), there is renewed focus on improving wetland restoration practices to reestablish the habitat and climate mitigation functions and services that wetlands provide. A first step in restoring these functions and services is to reestablish the native vegetation structure and composition through strategic seed-based approaches. These approaches should be driven by ecological, genetic, and evolutionary principles, along with consideration for economics, logistics, and other social constraints. Effective seed-based approaches must consider the chosen species, seed sourcing, dormancy break and germination requirements, seed enhancement technologies, potential invaders, seeding densities, and long-term monitoring. Choice of species should reflect historical plant communities and future environmental conditions, species that support functional goals including invasion resistance, and seed availability constraints. Furthermore, seeds should be sourced to ensure ample genetic diversity to support multifunctionality and evolutionary capacity while also considering the broad natural dispersal of many wetland species. The decision to collect wild seeds or purchase seeds will also impact species choice and genetic diversity, which can have cascading effects for functional goals. To ensure seedling establishment, seed dormancy should be addressed through dormancy breaking treatments and the potentially narrow germination requirements of some species will require targeted sowing timing and location to align with safe sites. Other seed enhancements such as priming and coatings are poorly developed for wetland restoration and their potential for improving establishment is unknown. Because wetlands are highly invasion prone, potential invaders and their legacies should be addressed. Seeding densities should strike a balance between outcompeting invaders and preserving valuable seed resources. Invader control and long-term monitoring is key to improving revegetation and restoration. Here, we review scientific advances to improve revegetation outcomes, and provide methods and recommendations to help achieve the desired goals. Gaps in knowledge about seed-based wetland restoration currently exist, however, and untested practices will certainly increase risks in future efforts. These efforts can be used to better understand the ecological, genetic, and evolutionary processes related to wetland seeds, which will bring us one step closer to seed-based restoration of functions and services needed for human and ecological communities.

中文翻译：

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需要播种吗？种子湿地恢复的生态、遗传和进化关键

随着生态系统恢复十年（2021-2030）的临近，人们重新关注改善湿地恢复实践，以重建湿地提供的栖息地和气候缓解功能和服务。恢复这些功能和服务的第一步是通过基于种子的战略方法重建原生植被结构和组成。这些方法应由生态、遗传和进化原则驱动，同时考虑经济、物流和其他社会约束。有效的基于种子的方法必须考虑所选物种、种子来源、休眠中断和发芽要求、种子增强技术、潜在入侵者、播种密度和长期监测。物种的选择应反映历史植物群落和未来环境条件、支持功能目标的物种，包括入侵抗性和种子可用性限制。此外，种子的来源应确保充足的遗传多样性，以支持多功能性和进化能力，同时还要考虑到许多湿地物种的广泛自然传播。收集野生种子或购买种子的决定也会影响物种选择和遗传多样性，这会对功能目标产生连锁效应。为确保幼苗建立，应通过打破休眠处理来解决种子休眠问题，并且某些物种的潜在发芽要求可能较窄，因此需要有针对性的播种时间和位置以与安全地点保持一致。其他种子增强剂（例如底涂和涂层）在湿地恢复方面的开发效果不佳，它们改善定植的潜力尚不清楚。由于湿地极易被入侵，因此应解决潜在的入侵者及其遗留问题。播种密度应在战胜入侵者和保护宝贵的种子资源之间取得平衡。入侵者控制和长期监测是改善植被恢复和恢复的关键。在这里，我们回顾了改善重新植被结果的科学进步，并提供了帮助实现预期目标的方法和建议。然而，目前在基于种子的湿地恢复知识方面存在差距，未经测试的做法肯定会增加未来努力的风险。这些努力可用于更好地了解生态、遗传、