Stress can modulate the recruitment of multiple memory systems during learning, favouring dorsal striatal “habit” learning over hippocampal “cognitive” learning. Here, we tested whether stress may also bias the engagement of “cognitive” and “habit” systems during retrieval and thereby affect the nature of remembering. To this end, participants first performed a probabilistic classification learning task that can be solved by both the “cognitive” and the “habit” system. Twenty-four hours later, participants underwent either a stress manipulation or a non-stressful control procedure before they completed a retention test for the previously learned task in the MRI scanner. During this retention test, stress-induced cortisol levels were linked to a relative bias towards behavioural strategies indicative for the “habit” system. At the neural level, stress led to increased dorsal striatal activity during retrieval. Elevated cortisol levels were directly correlated with increased activity in the dorsal striatum and further linked to reduced functional connectivity between the hippocampus and the amygdala, which is assumed to orchestrate the stress-related shift from “cognitive” to “habitual” control. Together, our data suggest that stress may bias the contributions of multiple memory systems also at retrieval, in a manner that promotes dorsal striatal “habit” processes and most likely driven by cortisol.

中文翻译：

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压力诱导的皮质醇调节对背侧纹状体的记忆检索的控制

压力可以在学习过程中调节多个记忆系统的募集，有利于背侧纹状体“习惯”学习而不是海马“认知”学习。在这里，我们测试了压力是否也会在检索过程中影响“认知”和“习惯”系统的参与，从而影响记忆的性质。为此，参与者首先进行了一项“认知”和“习惯”系统都可以解决的概率分类学习任务。24 小时后，参与者在完成 MRI 扫描仪中先前学习的任务的保留测试之前，接受了压力操纵或非压力控制程序。在这个保留测试中，压力引起的皮质醇水平与对指示“习惯”系统的行为策略的相对偏差有关。在神经层面，在检索过程中，压力导致背侧纹状体活动增加。皮质醇水平升高与背侧纹状体活动增加直接相关，并进一步与海马和杏仁核之间的功能连接性降低有关，这被认为是协调压力相关的从“认知”控制到“习惯性”控制的转变。总之，我们的数据表明，压力可能会在检索时也偏向多个记忆系统的贡献，以促进背侧纹状体“习惯”过程的方式，并且很可能是由皮质醇驱动的。这被假定为协调与压力相关的从“认知”控制到“习惯”控制的转变。总之，我们的数据表明，压力可能会在检索时也偏向多个记忆系统的贡献，以促进背侧纹状体“习惯”过程的方式，并且很可能是由皮质醇驱动的。这被假定为协调与压力相关的从“认知”控制到“习惯”控制的转变。总之，我们的数据表明，压力可能会在检索时也偏向多个记忆系统的贡献，以促进背侧纹状体“习惯”过程的方式，并且很可能是由皮质醇驱动的。