CAR‐T therapy is a particularly effective treatment for some types of cancer that uses retroviruses to deliver the gene for a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) to a patient's T cells ex vivo. The CAR enables the T cells to bind and eradicate cells with a specific surface marker (e.g., CD19⁺ B cells) after they are transfused back into the patient. This treatment was proven to be particularly effective in treating non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) and acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), but the current CAR‐T cell manufacturing process has a few significant drawbacks. For example, while lentiviral and gammaretroviral transduction are both relatively effective, the process of producing viral vectors is time‐consuming and costly. Additionally, patients must undergo follow up appointments for several years to monitor them for any unanticipated side effects associated with the virus. Therefore, several studies have endeavored to find alternative non‐viral gene delivery methods that are less expensive, more precise, simple, and safe. This review focuses on the current state of the most promising non‐viral gene delivery techniques, including electroporation and transfection with cationic polymers or lipids.

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优化 T 细胞的电穿孔和其他非病毒基因递送策略

对于某些类型的癌症，CAR-T 疗法是一种特别有效的治疗方法，它使用逆转录病毒将嵌合抗原受体 (CAR) 的基因离体递送至患者的 T 细胞。CAR 使 T 细胞能够结合并根除具有特定表面标志物（例如，CD19 ⁺B 细胞）在它们被输回患者体内后。这种疗法被证明在治疗非霍奇金淋巴瘤 (NHL) 和急性淋巴细胞白血病 (ALL) 方面特别有效，但目前的 CAR-T 细胞制造工艺存在一些明显的缺陷。例如，虽然慢病毒和 γ 逆转录病毒转导都相对有效，但生产病毒载体的过程既耗时又昂贵。此外，患者必须接受数年的随访预约，以监测他们是否存在与病毒相关的任何意外副作用。因此，一些研究努力寻找成本更低、更精确、简单和安全的替代非病毒基因递送方法。本综述重点关注最有前途的非病毒基因传递技术的现状，