Solar‐to‐chemical (STC) energy conversion is the fundamental process that nurtures Earth's ecosystem, fixing the inexhaustible solar resource into chemical bonds. Photochemical synthesis endows plants with the primary substances for their development; likewise, an artificial mimic of natural systems has long sought to support human civilization in a sustainable way. Intensive efforts have demonstrated light‐triggered production of different solar fuels, such as H₂, CO, CH₄ and NH₃, while research on oxidative half‐reactions has built up from O₂ generation to organic synthesis, waste degradation and photo‐reforming. Nevertheless, while extensive utilization of the radiant chemical potential to promote a manifold of endergonic processes is the common thread of such research, exploration of the chemical space is fragmented by the lack of a common language across different scientific disciplines. Focusing on colloidal semiconductor materials, this Viewpoint discusses an inclusive protocol for the discovery and assessment of STC redox reactions, aiming to establish photon‐to‐molecule conversion as the ultimate paradigm beyond fossil energy exploitation.

中文翻译：

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迈向太阳能工厂：使用胶体半导体光合作用系统将太阳能转化为化学能的前景。

太阳到化学（STC）的能量转换是培育地球生态系统的基本过程，将无穷无尽的太阳能资源固定为化学键。光化学合成赋予植物发展所需的主要物质；同样，自然系统的人工模仿长期以来一直寻求以可持续的方式支持人类文明。大量的努力表明，光触发了不同的太阳能燃料的生产，例如H ₂，CO，CH ₄和NH ₃，而氧化半反应的研究是从O _{2进行的。}产生有机合成，废物降解和光重整。然而，尽管广泛地利用辐射化学势来促进一系列的endergonic过程是这种研究的共同点，但由于跨不同科学学科缺乏通用语言，因此对化学空间的探索是分散的。本观点着眼于胶体半导体材料，讨论了用于发现和评估STC氧化还原反应的包容性协议，旨在将光子到分子的转化确立为化石能源开发之外的最终范例。