Effective bidirectional communication between the embryo and dam improves the reproductive efficiency of dairy cows. Possible role of immunosuppressive indolamine-2, 3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) enzyme in the regulation of maternal systemic cytokine balance/shift during early pregnancy establishment along with various interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs) expression in neutrophils and peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMCs) were investigated in crossbred cows. Blood was collected on days 0 i.e. day of Artificial Insemination (AI), 10, 18 and 36 post-AI followed by isolation of neutrophils and PBMCs for gene expression study of IDO1, anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-4, IL-10 and TGFβ1), pro-inflammatory cytokines (IFNγ and TNFα) and ISGs (ISG15, MX1, MX2, OAS1) in pregnant and non-pregnant cows. Cows were grouped as pregnant and non-pregnant after pregnancy confirmation by non-return to heat, ultrasonography, per rectal examination along with progesterone and IFNτ assay. Significantly (P < 0.05) higher relative mRNA expression of IDO1 and anti-inflammatory cytokines on days 10 and 18 post-AI were observed in both neutrophils and PBMCs of pregnant cows. Pregnant cows showed significantly (P < 0.05) higher mRNA transcripts of IFNγ and TNFα genes on days 18 post-AI in both neutrophils and PBMCs. Expression of ISGs was higher (P < 0.05) on day 10^th and 18^th post AI in both the neutrophils and PBMCs of pregnant cows. The study indicates that systemic immune regulation by IDO1 (through cytokine shift) and ISGs in peripheral immune cells are essential for the establishment of pregnancy and may be targeted in future as biomarkers for pregnancy diagnosis.

胚胎和大坝之间有效的双向通信提高了奶牛的繁殖效率。免疫抑制性 indolamine-2, 3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) 酶在调节母体全身细胞因子平衡/转变中的可能作用以及中性粒细胞和外周血单核细胞 (PBMCs) 中各种干扰素刺激基因 (ISG) 的表达) 在杂交奶牛中进行了研究。在第 0 天，即人工授精 (AI) 的第 10、18 和 36 天收集血液，然后分离嗜中性粒细胞和 PBMC，用于 IDO1、抗炎细胞因子（IL-4、IL-10 和TGFβ1)、促炎细胞因子（IFNγ 和 TNFα）和 ISG（ISG15、MX1、MX2、OAS1）在怀孕和非怀孕奶牛中。在通过不回热、超声检查、每次直肠检查以及孕酮和 IFNτ 测定确认怀孕后，将奶牛分为怀孕和未怀孕。在 AI 后第 10 天和第 18 天，在怀孕奶牛的嗜中性粒细胞和 PBMC 中观察到显着（P < 0.05）更高的 IDO1 和抗炎细胞因子的相对 mRNA 表达。妊娠母牛在 AI 后第 18 天在嗜中性粒细胞和 PBMC 中均显示出显着 (P < 0.05) 更高的 IFNγ 和 TNFα 基因 mRNA 转录本。第 10 天 ISG 的表达更高（P < 0.05）05) 在 AI 后第 10 天和第 18 天，在怀孕奶牛的嗜中性粒细胞和 PBMC 中观察到 IDO1 和抗炎细胞因子的相对 mRNA 表达较高。妊娠母牛在 AI 后第 18 天在嗜中性粒细胞和 PBMC 中均显示出显着 (P < 0.05) 更高的 IFNγ 和 TNFα 基因 mRNA 转录本。第 10 天 ISG 的表达更高（P < 0.05）05) 在 AI 后第 10 天和第 18 天，在怀孕奶牛的嗜中性粒细胞和 PBMC 中观察到 IDO1 和抗炎细胞因子的相对 mRNA 表达较高。妊娠母牛在 AI 后第 18 天在嗜中性粒细胞和 PBMC 中均显示出显着 (P < 0.05) 更高的 IFNγ 和 TNFα 基因 mRNA 转录本。第 10 天 ISG 的表达更高（P < 0.05）妊娠母牛的嗜中性粒细胞和 PBMC 均在 AI 后^第1^天和第18 天。该研究表明，IDO1（通过细胞因子转移）和外周免疫细胞中的 ISG 进行的全身免疫调节对于妊娠的建立至关重要，并且可能在未来成为妊娠诊断的生物标志物。