This paper presents a methodology to identify the economic impact of different policies for heavy vehicle routing and driver scheduling in long-haul full-load trips with intermediate stops for refueling and for regulation-driven meal and rest periods. This methodology can be used both as a planning tool to help policy-makers define policies through scenario simulations, and as an evaluation tool to examine ex-post economic impact once policies have been changed as illustrated herein for the Brazilian case. The paper introduces a mathematical formulation, proposes a state-space graph search approach, and develops an algorithmic solution for a variant of the vehicle routing and truck driver scheduling problem with intermediate stops (VRTDSPIS), which is especially important in countries with vast territory where long-range freight trucking trips are common. In addition, it is particularly relevant for the economies of emerging markets that may have evolving regulatory frameworks and suboptimal infrastructure environments. Regulatory maximum driving and minimum driver resting time windows impose significant constraints to trucker routines, especially in sparsely populated regions through which long range vehicle trips with full load are common. Such trips can take days to be concluded and numerous alternative routes are possible, each with very different alternatives for refueling and rest. While the literature to date has focused mostly on truck driver scheduling given pre-determined routes and individual country’s laws and regulations, this paper proposes a joint solution for the routing and scheduling problem with time window constraints, determining simultaneously a routing and scheduling plan that meets all maximum driving and minimum resting time interval regulatory requirements at minimum cost. An illustration applying the methodology to evaluate the economic impact of truck driver regulatory changes in Brazil is presented.

本文提出了一种方法，可确定在长途满载旅行中加重中间行程以供加油以及由法规驱动的进餐和休息时间的重型车辆路线选择和驾驶员调度的不同政策对经济的影响。此方法既可以用作规划工具，以帮助决策者通过情景模拟来定义政策，也可以用作评估工具，以检查政策如此处针对巴西案例所做的更改后对事后经济的影响。本文介绍了一种数学公式，提出了一种状态空间图搜索方法，并针对带有中间停靠点（VRTDSPIS）的车辆路线和卡车驾驶员调度问题的变体，开发了一种算法解决方案，这对于拥有长途货运旅行频繁的广阔国家尤其重要。此外，它对于可能具有不断发展的监管框架和次优基础架构环境的新兴市场经济体尤其重要。法规规定的最大驾驶时间和最小驾驶员休息时间窗口对卡车司机的日常工作施加了很大的限制，尤其是在人口稀少的地区，在该地区经常发生满载的长途车辆旅行。这种旅行可能要花费数天才能结束，并且可能有许多替代路线，每条路线都有不同的加油和休息选择。尽管迄今为止的文献主要集中在给定预定路线和各个国家/地区的法律和法规的卡车司机调度上，本文提出了一种具有时间窗约束的路由和调度问题的联合解决方案，同时以最小的成本确定了一个满足所有最大驾驶和最​​小休息时间间隔监管要求的路由和调度计划。给出了使用方法论评估巴西卡车驾驶员监管变化的经济影响的说明。