The brain is composed of electrically excitable neuronal networks regulated by the activity of voltage-gated ion channels. Further portraying the molecular composition of the brain, however, will not reveal anything remotely reminiscent of a feeling, a sensation or a conscious experience. In classical physics, addressing the mind–brain problem is a formidable task because no physical mechanism is able to explain how the brain generates the unobservable, inner psychological world of conscious experiences and how in turn those conscious experiences steer the underlying brain processes toward desired behavior. Yet, this setback does not establish that consciousness is non-physical. Modern quantum physics affirms the interplay between two types of physical entities in Hilbert space: unobservable quantum states, which are vectors describing what exists in the physical world, and quantum observables, which are operators describing what can be observed in quantum measurements. Quantum no-go theorems further provide a framework for studying quantum brain dynamics, which has to be governed by a physically admissible Hamiltonian. Comprising consciousness of unobservable quantum information integrated in quantum brain states explains the origin of the inner privacy of conscious experiences and revisits the dynamic timescale of conscious processes to picosecond conformational transitions of neural biomolecules. The observable brain is then an objective construction created from classical bits of information, which are bound by Holevo’s theorem, and obtained through the measurement of quantum brain observables. Thus, quantum information theory clarifies the distinction between the unobservable mind and the observable brain, and supports a solid physical foundation for consciousness research.

大脑由受电压控制的离子通道活动调节的可电刺激的神经元网络组成。然而，进一步描绘大脑的分子组成并不会揭示任何遥不可及的感觉，感觉或意识体验。在古典物理学中，解决心脑问题是一项艰巨的任务，因为没有任何物理机制能够解释大脑如何产生意识体验不可观察的内部心理世界，以及这些意识体验又如何将潜在的大脑过程引导至所需行为。然而，这种挫折并不能证明意识是非身体的。现代量子物理学肯定了希尔伯特空间中两种物理实体之间的相互作用：不可观察的量子态，分别是描述物理世界中存在的矢量和可观测的量子，它们是描述可在量子测量中观察到的内容的算子。量子无定理进一步为研究量子脑动力学提供了一个框架，该框架必须由物理上可接受的哈密顿量来控制。包含整合在量子脑状态中的不可观察量子信息的意识，解释了有意识经验的内部隐私的起源，并重新审视了有意识过程向神经生物分子的皮秒构象转变的动态时标。然后，可观察大脑是由经典信息创建的客观构造，这些经典信息受Holevo定理约束，并且是通过测量量子大脑可观察对象获得的。从而，