The shape of nanosized CeO₂, obtained via polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) micelles, was controlled by microwave (MW)-aided synthesis combined with different combinations of energy input/transfer, including ultrasound (US), ultraviolet (UV) and pressure (P). Whereas ceria nanoflakes resulted from standard solvothermal synthesis, CeO₂ nanoparticles were obtained from MW, MW + US and MW + UV. New CeO₂ “nanospindles” (with aspect ratio of 2) resulted from MW + US + UV, and nanorods (with aspect ratio of 11) emerged from MW + P. All ceria morphologies, even nanospindles and nanorods, were mesoporous agglomerates of small CeO₂ nanocrystals (6–8 nm size), but they still exhibited different specific surface area (SSA) and Ce³⁺/Ce⁴⁺ ratio. Underlying reasons of how the different synthesis routes affect the ceria morphology are discussed. Among the six types, CeO₂ nanorods (MW + P) exhibited the highest SSA (196 m²  g⁻¹) and the most surface defects (Ce³⁺: 26.4%), resulting in excellent catalytic performance in imine synthesis and CO oxidation.

通过聚乙烯吡咯烷酮（PVP）胶束获得的纳米CeO ₂的形状通过微波（MW）辅助合成与能量输入/传输的不同组合（包括超声（US），紫外线（UV）和压力（P））进行控制。氧化铈纳米薄片是通过标准溶剂热合成得到的，而CeO ₂纳米颗粒是从MW，MW + US和MW + UV获得的。MW + US + UV产生了新的CeO ₂ “纳米锭”（长径比为2），而MW + P产生了纳米棒（长径比为11）。所有二氧化铈形态，甚至是纳米锭和纳米棒，都是中孔的小聚集体。 CeO ₂纳米晶体（6–8 nm大小），但它们仍表现出不同的比表面积（SSA）和Ce ³⁺/ Ce ⁴⁺比率。讨论了不同合成路线如何影响二氧化铈形态的根本原因。在这六种类型中，CeO ₂纳米棒（MW + P）表现出最高的SSA（196 m ²   g ^-1）和最多的表面缺陷（Ce ³⁺：26.4％），在亚胺合成和CO氧化中具有出色的催化性能。 。