MicroRNAs (miRNAs), small non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) of about 22 nucleotides in size, play important roles in gene regulation, and their dysregulation is implicated in human diseases including cancer. A variety of miRNAs could take roles in the cancer progression, participate in the process of tumor immune, and function with miRNA sponges. During the last two decades, the connection between miRNAs and various cancers has been widely researched. Based on evidence about miRNA, numerous potential cancer biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognosis have been put forward, providing a new perspective on cancer screening. Besides, there are several miRNA-based therapies among different cancers being conducted, advanced treatments such as the combination of synergistic strategies and the use of complementary miRNAs provide significant clinical benefits to cancer patients potentially. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that many miRNAs are engaged in the resistance of cancer therapies with their complex underlying regulatory mechanisms, whose comprehensive cognition can help clinicians and improve patient prognosis. With the belief that studies about miRNAs in human cancer would have great clinical implications, we attempt to summarize the current situation and potential development prospects in this review.

中文翻译：

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癌症中基于 miRNA 的生物标志物、疗法和耐药性。

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) 是大约 22 个核苷酸大小的非编码小 RNA (ncRNAs)，在基因调控中发挥着重要作用，它们的失调与包括癌症在内的人类疾病有关。多种miRNA可以在癌症进展中发挥作用，参与肿瘤免疫过程，并与miRNA海绵共同发挥作用。在过去的二十年中，miRNA 与各种癌症之间的联系得到了广泛的研究。基于miRNA的证据，已经提出了许多用于诊断和预后的潜在癌症生物标志物，为癌症筛查提供了新的视角。此外，在不同的癌症中，有几种基于 miRNA 的疗法正在进行中，先进的治疗方法，例如协同策略的组合和互补 miRNA 的使用，可能为癌症患者提供显着的临床益处。此外，研究表明，许多miRNAs以其复杂的潜在调控机制参与了癌症治疗的耐药性，其综合认知可以帮助临床医生改善患者预后。本着对人类癌症中miRNAs的研究具有重大临床意义的信念，我们试图在这篇综述中总结现状和潜在的发展前景。其综合认知能帮助临床医生改善患者预后。本着对人类癌症中miRNAs的研究具有重大临床意义的信念，我们试图在这篇综述中总结现状和潜在的发展前景。其综合认知能帮助临床医生改善患者预后。本着对人类癌症中miRNAs的研究具有重大临床意义的信念，我们试图在这篇综述中总结现状和潜在的发展前景。