The mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) is an essential regulator of cell growth and metabolism through the modulation of protein and lipid synthesis, lysosome biogenesis, and autophagy. The activity of mTORC1 is dynamically regulated by several environmental cues, including amino acid availability, growth factors, energy levels, and stresses, to coordinate cellular status with environmental conditions. Dysregulation of mTORC1 activity is closely associated with various diseases, including diabetes, cancer, and neurodegenerative disorders. The discovery of Rag GTPases has greatly expanded our understanding of the regulation of mTORC1 activity by amino acids, especially leucine and arginine. In addition to Rag GTPases, other factors that also contribute to the modulation of mTORC1 activity have been identified. In this review, we discuss the mechanisms of regulation of mTORC1 activity by particular amino acids.

中文翻译：

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mTORC1信号的氨基酸依赖性控制：多种调节模式。

雷帕霉素复合物1（mTORC1）的机械靶标是通过调节蛋白质和脂质合成，溶酶体的生物发生和自噬来调节细胞生长和代谢的重要调节剂。mTORC1的活性受多种环境因素的动态调节，包括氨基酸可用性，生长因子，能量水平和压力，以使细胞状态与环境条件相协调。mTORC1活性的失调与多种疾病密切相关，包括糖尿病，癌症和神经退行性疾病。Rag GTPases的发现极大地扩展了我们对氨基酸（尤其是亮氨酸和精氨酸）对mTORC1活性的调节的认识。除了Rag GTPases，还发现了其他也有助于调节mTORC1活性的因素。在这篇评论中