The HIV type 1 (HIV-1) epidemic has continued to grow in Indonesia; however, continuous updates on the epidemiology of HIV-1 in Indonesia remain challenging because it is the biggest archipelago in the world. Furthermore, the emergence of HIV drug resistance (HIVDR) has had a negative impact on the treatment of infected individuals. In this study, we performed HIV-1 subtyping and the detection of HIVDR in 105 HIV-1-infected individuals residing in various cities in Indonesia during 2018–2019. The results obtained identified CRF01_AE as the major epidemic HIV-1 strain, responsible for 81.9% of infection cases, followed by subtype B (12.4%), CRF02_AG (3.8%), CRF52_01B (1%), and a recombinant between CRF01_AE and CRF02_AG (1.0%). Major drug resistance-associated mutations against reverse transcriptase inhibitors were detected in 20% of samples. These results suggest that CRF01_AE is a major HIV-1 strain in Indonesia, while CRF02_AG is emerging. The prevalence of HIVDR in Indonesia needs to be monitored.

中文翻译：

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2018-2019 年印度尼西亚 HIV-1 分子流行病学更新。

1 型艾滋病毒 (HIV-1) 流行病在印度尼西亚持续增长；然而，印度尼西亚 HIV-1 流行病学的持续更新仍然具有挑战性，因为它是世界上最大的群岛。此外，艾滋病毒耐药性 (HIVDR) 的出现对感染者的治疗产生了负面影响。在这项研究中，我们对 2018-2019 年居住在印度尼西亚各个城市的 105 名 HIV-1 感染者进行了 HIV-1 亚型分型和 HIVDR 检测。获得的结果确定 CRF01_AE 是主要的流行性 HIV-1 毒株，占感染病例的 81.9%，其次是亚型 B（12.4%）、CRF02_AG（3.8%）、CRF52_01B（1%）以及 CRF01_AE 和 CRF02_AG 之间的重组体(1.0%)。在 20% 的样本中检测到针对逆转录酶抑制剂的主要耐药相关突变。这些结果表明 CRF01_AE 是印度尼西亚的主要 HIV-1 毒株，而 CRF02_AG 正在出现。需要监测印度尼西亚 HIVDR 的流行情况。