The SARS-CoV-2 virus emerged in December 2019 and has caused a worldwide pandemic due to the lack of any pre-existing immunity. Accurate serology testing is urgently needed to help diagnose infection, determine past exposure of populations and assess the response to a future vaccine. The landscape of antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 is unknown. In this study, we utilized the luciferase immunoprecipitation system to assess the antibody responses to 15 different SARS-CoV-2 antigens in patients with COVID-19. We identified new targets of the immune response to SARS-CoV-2 and show that nucleocapsid, open reading frame (ORF)8 and ORF3b elicit the strongest specific antibody responses. ORF8 and ORF3b antibodies, taken together as a cluster of points, identified 96.5% of COVID-19 samples at early and late time points of disease with 99.5% specificity. Our findings could be used to develop second-generation diagnostic tests to improve serological assays for COVID-19 and are important in understanding pathogenicity.

SARS-CoV-2病毒于2019年12月出现，由于缺乏任何预先存在的免疫力而引起了全球大流行。迫切需要准确的血清学检测，以帮助诊断感染，确定过去的人群暴露情况以及评估对未来疫苗的反应。抗体对SARS-CoV-2的反应尚不清楚。在这项研究中，我们利用萤光素酶免疫沉淀系统来评估COVID-19患者对15种不同SARS-CoV-2抗原的抗体反应。我们确定了对SARS-CoV-2的免疫反应的新目标，并表明核衣壳，开放阅读框（ORF）8和ORF3b引发最强的特异性抗体反应。ORF8和ORF3b抗体一起作为点簇，在疾病的早期和晚期鉴定出96.5％的COVID-19样品，特异性为99.5％。