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Salt stress triggers generation of oxygen free radicals and DNA breaks in Physcomitrella patens protonema
Environmental and Experimental Botany ( IF 5.7 ) Pub Date : 2020-12-01 , DOI: 10.1016/j.envexpbot.2020.104236
S. Zvanarou , R. Vágnerová , V. Mackievic , S. Usnich , I. Smolich , A. Sokolik , M. Yu , X. Huang , K.J. Angelis , V. Demidchik

Abstract One of the early reactions of plants to high levels of NaCl is the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which is critical for stress signaling, Na+ extrusion, oxidative damage and programmed cell death (PCD) under salt stress. Using moss Physcomitrella patens protonema as a model system, we have tested whether ROS generation and DNA degradation can be induced by salinity in Bryophyta. We have shown with dihydroethidium in vivo test that toxic NaCl concentrations significantly stimulate ROS production. The pharmacological analysis carried out using superoxide dismutase, catalase, dimethyl sulfoxide, thiourea and spermine outlines the superoxide and hydroxyl radicals as major NaCl-induced species. Using Comet assay, we have found that NaCl affects the DNA stability in ROS-dependent manner, increasing both single and double strand DNA breaks (SSBs and DSBs, respectively). Surprisingly, DSBs were induced by NaCl to a lesser extent than SSBs. This is indicative of an unexpected and sophisticated action of NaCl on moss genome including DSBs through PCD and SSBs caused by hydroxyl radical-induced DNA oxidation or transposon rearrangement. We also report a relatively high sensitivity of Physcomitrella patens protonema to NaCl compared to later developmental stages of this moss, suggesting that dividing cells are more sensitive to NaCl than other tissues.

中文翻译:

盐胁迫在 Physcomitrella patens protonema 中触发氧自由基的产生和 DNA 断裂

摘要 植物对高浓度 NaCl 的早期反应之一是活性氧 (ROS) 的产生,这对于盐胁迫下的胁迫信号、Na+ 挤出、氧化损伤和程序性细胞死亡 (PCD) 至关重要。我们使用苔藓 Physcomitrella patens protonema 作为模型系统,测试了苔藓植物中的盐度是否可以诱导 ROS 生成和 DNA 降解。我们已经用二氢乙锭 体内 试验表明,有毒的 NaCl 浓度显着刺激了 ROS 的产生。使用超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化氢酶、二甲亚砜、硫脲和精胺进行的药理学分析表明超氧化物和羟基自由基是主要的 NaCl 诱导物质。使用彗星试验,我们发现 NaCl 以 ROS 依赖性方式影响 DNA 稳定性,增加单链和双链 DNA 断裂(分别为 SSB 和 DSB)。令人惊讶的是,与 SSB 相比,NaCl 对 DSB 的诱导程度较低。这表明 NaCl 对苔藓基因组的意外和复杂作用,包括由羟基自由基诱导的 DNA 氧化或转座子重排引起的 PCD 和 SSB。我们还报告了与这种苔藓的后期发育阶段相比, Phy​​scomitrella protonema 对 NaCl 的相对较高的敏感性,这表明分裂细胞对 NaCl 比其他组织更敏感。这表明 NaCl 对苔藓基因组的意外和复杂作用,包括由羟基自由基诱导的 DNA 氧化或转座子重排引起的 PCD 和 SSB。我们还报告了与这种苔藓的后期发育阶段相比, Phy​​scomitrella protonema 对 NaCl 的相对较高的敏感性,这表明分裂细胞对 NaCl 比其他组织更敏感。这表明 NaCl 对苔藓基因组的意外和复杂作用,包括由羟基自由基诱导的 DNA 氧化或转座子重排引起的 PCD 和 SSB。我们还报告了与这种苔藓的后期发育阶段相比, Phy​​scomitrella protonema 对 NaCl 的相对较高的敏感性,这表明分裂细胞对 NaCl 比其他组织更敏感。
更新日期:2020-12-01
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