Abstract The paper investigates a model simulating crustal fault dynamics and strain wave generation in a fault block geological medium, the parameters determining sliding regimes in faults, and the physics of transitions between different deformation regimes. The model comprises the most important mechanisms responsible for the interaction of fault walls: friction, geometric irregularities (roughness and asperities on the fault surface), and external load, which govern sliding along the fault. The results of field and laboratory studies of deformation migration on the macro/mesoscale are consistent with the concept of localized deformation propagation in the form of solitary waves (kinks, solitons) and autowaves. The conditions are defined which make possible the transition from the model simulating solitary waves in a conservative medium with low “friction” (soliton-like behavior of the system) toward the model of solitary waves in an active medium with diffusion (autowave-like behavior of the system). Two possible deformation regimes of the fault block structure in the high-friction limit are considered. The fault wall displacement is stopped due to this friction, but the adjacent blocks move relative to each other in the core of the fault. It is shown that in the high-friction limit a perturbed sine-Gordon equation applied for fault dynamics modeling is reduced to a reaction-diffusion equation, whereas the system goes from the soliton regime to the autowave regime. In the case of high friction and a lack of energy supply to the fault from an external source, the transfer of localized deformation is changed by a diffusive dissipation of stress.

中文翻译：

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断层和慢应变波中滑动机制的发展

摘要 本文研究了模拟断块地质介质中地壳断层动力学和应变波产生的模型、断层滑动状态的确定参数以及不同变形状态之间转变的物理学。该模型包括负责断层壁相互作用的最重要机制：摩擦、几何不规则性（断层表面的粗糙度和凹凸不平）和控制沿断层滑动的外部载荷。宏观/中尺度变形迁移的现场和实验室研究结果与孤立波（扭结、孤子）和自波形式的局部变形传播的概念一致。定义的条件使得从模拟具有低“摩擦”的保守介质中的孤立波模型（系统的孤立子行为）过渡到具有扩散的活性介质中的孤立波模型（类自动波行为）成为可能系统）。考虑了高摩擦极限下断块结构的两种可能变形方式。由于这种摩擦，断层壁位移停止，但相邻块体在断层核心相对移动。结果表明，在高摩擦极限下，用于断层动力学建模的扰动正弦-戈登方程简化为反应扩散方程，而系统则从孤子状态变为自波状态。