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Genetic diversity of the complementary sex-determiner (csd) gene in two closed breeding stocks of Varroa -resistant honey bees
Apidologie ( IF 2.4 ) Pub Date : 2020-08-17 , DOI: 10.1007/s13592-020-00790-1
Lelania Bilodeau , Arian Avalos , Robert G. Danka

Honey bee (Apis mellifera) breeding programs that use a closed mating system are particularly vulnerable to low genetic diversity. Inadequate diversity at the complementary sex-determiner (csd) locus is problematic and potentially catastrophic in honey bee populations because it causes low brood viability. In typical commercial populations, queens are open mated and csd diversity is fostered by high rates of introgression. In this study, we examine genetic diversity within the highly variable region (HVR) of csd in two stocks bred for resistance to Varroa destructor: Pol-line and Hilo, both of which use closed mating systems. We sampled 47 Pol-line colonies and 41 Hilo colonies and found 60 protein alleles that were condensed into 35 allele groupings by sequence similarity. We found that proportionately, HVR diversity levels were comparable with those in other closed breeding populations as well as open-mated populations of A. mellifera worldwide. Distinct patterns are observed among Pol-line and Hilo csd protein alleles in both the phylogeny and allele frequency distributions, suggesting early divergence of the two stocks. When compared with an African outgroup, both stocks shared alleles with the outgroup, suggesting ancestral lineages are present and not all diversity is due to new mutations. Periodic monitoring of csd diversity is recommended for closed breeding programs. The csd diversity data reported here are currently being used to make breeding decisions in these two mite-resistant populations of honey bees.

中文翻译:

两个封闭的抗瓦螨蜜蜂种群中互补性决定因子(csd)基因的遗传多样性

使用封闭交配系统的蜜蜂(Apis mellifera)育种计划特别容易受到低遗传多样性的影响。互补性决定因子 (csd) 基因座的多样性不足对蜜蜂种群来说是有问题的,并且可能是灾难性的,因为它会导致繁殖能力低下。在典型的商业种群中,蜂王是开放交配的,高渗入率促进了 csd 多样性。在这项研究中,我们检查了为抵抗瓦螨破坏者而培育的两种种群的 csd 高度可变区 (HVR) 内的遗传多样性:Pol-line 和 Hilo,两者都使用封闭交配系统。我们对 47 个 Pol-line 集落和 41 个 Hilo 集落进行了采样,发现了 60 个蛋白质等位基因,这些等位基因通过序列相似性浓缩为 35 个等位基因组。我们发现,按比例,HVR 多样性水平与世界范围内其他封闭繁殖种群以及开放交配的 A. mellifera 种群中的水平相当。在 Pol-line 和 Hilo csd 蛋白等位基因的系统发育和等位基因频率分布中观察到不同的模式,表明这两种种群的早期分歧。与非洲外群相比,两个种群都与外群共享等位基因,这表明存在祖先谱系,并非所有多样性都归因于新突变。建议对封闭育种计划定期监测 csd 多样性。这里报告的 csd 多样性数据目前被用于在这两个抗螨的蜜蜂种群中做出育种决定。在 Pol-line 和 Hilo csd 蛋白等位基因的系统发育和等位基因频率分布中观察到不同的模式,表明这两种种群的早期分歧。与非洲外群相比,两个种群都与外群共享等位基因,这表明存在祖先谱系,并不是所有的多样性都归因于新的突变。建议对封闭育种计划定期监测 csd 多样性。这里报告的 csd 多样性数据目前被用于在这两个抗螨的蜜蜂种群中做出育种决定。在 Pol-line 和 Hilo csd 蛋白等位基因的系统发育和等位基因频率分布中观察到不同的模式,表明这两种种群的早期分歧。与非洲外群相比,两个种群都与外群共享等位基因,这表明存在祖先谱系,并非所有多样性都归因于新突变。建议对封闭育种计划定期监测 csd 多样性。这里报告的 csd 多样性数据目前被用于在这两个抗螨的蜜蜂种群中做出育种决定。表明存在祖先谱系,并不是所有的多样性都是由于新的突变。建议对封闭育种计划定期监测 csd 多样性。这里报告的 csd 多样性数据目前被用于在这两个抗螨的蜜蜂种群中做出育种决定。表明存在祖先谱系,并不是所有的多样性都是由于新的突变。建议对封闭育种计划定期监测 csd 多样性。这里报告的 csd 多样性数据目前被用于在这两个抗螨的蜜蜂种群中做出育种决定。
更新日期:2020-08-17
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