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Passage Through a Bird’s Gut Confers a Germination Head Start to the Seeds of the Nightshade Witheringia stramoniifolia
Tropical Conservation Science ( IF 1.7 ) Pub Date : 2020-01-01 , DOI: 10.1177/1940082920931093
Gabriela I. Salazar-Rivera 1 , Lázaro R. Sánchez-Velásquez 1 , Ernesto Ruelas Inzunza 1
Affiliation  

In frugivory networks, birds offer plants the advantage of dispersing their seeds away from the parent plants in exchange for macronutrients, primarily sugars, and water. The benefits for birds are clear, as they obtain food and water from fruits, and highly variable for plants, as birds may act in ways that vary from effective dispersers to seed predators. We studied two common species that interact frequently in the frugivory network of a Neotropical, periurban park: The clay-colored thrush (Turdus grayi) and a nightshade (Witheringia stramoniifolia), in order to evaluate the advantage of passing its seeds through a bird’s gut. We set up an investigation using captive thrushes that we fed with fruits of W. stramoniifolia. We had four experimental treatments: in two of them, seeds that had passed through the digestive tract of thrushes were germinated under greenhouse and controlled conditions; in the remaining two treatments, we germinated seeds that were not consumed by thrushes and were likewise germinated under greenhouse and controlled conditions. W. stramoniifolia seeds consumed by birds had a germination onset that was 1 to 2 weeks earlier than nonconsumed seeds. Mean germination rate and final germinability, however, did not differ significantly among treatments. In our study, passage through a bird’s gut accelerates the germination onset of seeds, an advantage that possibly enhances seedling establishment, but is not indispensable, for the dispersal of W. stramoniifolia. This bird–plant relationship ultimately accounts to a true mutualism.

中文翻译:

通过鸟的肠道为茄属植物的种子萌发提供了良好的开端

在食果网络中,鸟类为植物提供了将它们的种子从亲本植物上分散开以换取大量营养素(主要是糖和水)的优势。鸟类的好处是显而易见的,因为它们从水果中获取食物和水,而植物的变化很大,因为鸟类的行为方式可能从有效的传播者到种子捕食者不等。我们研究了在新热带郊区公园的食果网络中频繁相互作用的两种常见物种:粘土色鹅口疮 (Turdus grayi) 和茄属植物 (Witheringia stramoniifolia),以评估将其种子通过鸟类肠道的优势. 我们使用用 W. stramoniifolia 果实喂养的圈养画眉开展了一项调查。我们有四种实验性治疗:其中两种,通过鹅口疮消化道的种子在温室和受控条件下发芽;在剩下的两个处理中,我们发芽了未被鹅口疮消耗的种子,同样在温室和受控条件下发芽。鸟类食用的 W. stramoniifolia 种子的发芽时间比未食用的种子早 1 至 2 周。然而,平均发芽率和最终发芽率在处理之间没有显着差异。在我们的研究中,通过鸟类肠道加速了种子的萌发开始,这一优势可能会促进幼苗的建立,但对于 W. stramoniifolia 的传播并不是必不可少的。这种鸟与植物的关系最终形成了真正的共生关系。在剩下的两个处理中,我们发芽了未被鹅口疮消耗的种子,同样在温室和受控条件下发芽。鸟类食用的 W. stramoniifolia 种子的发芽时间比未食用的种子早 1 至 2 周。然而,平均发芽率和最终发芽率在处理之间没有显着差异。在我们的研究中,通过鸟类肠道加速了种子的萌发开始,这一优势可能会促进幼苗的建立,但对于 W. stramoniifolia 的传播并不是必不可少的。这种鸟与植物的关系最终形成了真正的共生关系。在剩下的两个处理中,我们发芽了未被鹅口疮消耗的种子,同样在温室和受控条件下发芽。鸟类食用的 W. stramoniifolia 种子的发芽时间比未食用的种子早 1 至 2 周。然而,平均发芽率和最终发芽率在处理之间没有显着差异。在我们的研究中,通过鸟类肠道加速了种子的萌发开始,这一优势可能会促进幼苗的建立,但对于 W. stramoniifolia 的传播并不是必不可少的。这种鸟与植物的关系最终形成了真正的共生关系。鸟类食用的 stramoniifolia 种子的发芽时间比未食用的种子早 1 至 2 周。然而,平均发芽率和最终发芽率在处理之间没有显着差异。在我们的研究中,通过鸟类肠道加速了种子的萌发开始,这一优势可能会促进幼苗的建立,但对于 W. stramoniifolia 的传播并不是必不可少的。这种鸟与植物的关系最终形成了真正的共生关系。鸟类食用的 stramoniifolia 种子的发芽时间比未食用的种子早 1 至 2 周。然而,平均发芽率和最终发芽率在处理之间没有显着差异。在我们的研究中,通过鸟类肠道加速了种子的萌发开始,这一优势可能会促进幼苗的建立,但对于 W. stramoniifolia 的传播并不是必不可少的。这种鸟与植物的关系最终形成了真正的共生关系。用于 W. stramoniifolia 的传播。这种鸟与植物的关系最终形成了真正的共生关系。用于 W. stramoniifolia 的传播。这种鸟与植物的关系最终形成了真正的共生关系。
更新日期:2020-01-01
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