To investigate past changes in the Mediterranean Overflow Water (MOW) to the Atlantic, we analyzed the strength of the MOW and benthic δ¹³C along the last 250 kyr at Integrated Ocean Drilling Program (IODP) Site U1389 in the Gulf of Cadiz, near the Strait of Gibraltar. Both the strength of the MOW and the benthic δ¹³C were mainly driven by precession‐controlled fluctuations in the Mediterranean hydrologic budget. Reduced/enhanced Nile discharge and lower/higher Mediterranean annual rainfall at precession maxima/minima resulted in higher/lower MOW strengths at Gibraltar and stronger/weaker Mediterranean overturning circulation. At millennial scale, the higher heat and freshwater loss to the atmosphere during Greenland stadials increased buoyancy loss in the eastern Mediterranean. This enhanced the density gradient with Atlantic water, resulting in a higher MOW velocity in the Gulf of Cadiz. Unlike non‐Heinrich stadials, a lower‐amplitude increase in velocity was seen during Heinrich stadials (HSs), and a significant drop in velocity was recorded in the middle phase. This weak MOW was especially recognized in Termination I and II during HS1 and HS11. These lower velocities at the depth of Site U1389 were triggered by MOW deepening due to the lower densities of Atlantic intermediate water caused by freshwater released from the Laurentide and Eurasian ice sheets. The intrusion of salt and heat at deeper depths in the Atlantic during HSs and its shoaling at the end could have contributed to drive the changes in the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation during Terminations.

中文翻译：

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近250年的地中海溢流：从热带到冰盖的淡水强迫

为了研究在地中海溢流水（MOW）到大西洋过去的变化，我们分析了MOW的强度和底栖δ ¹³沿加的斯湾的综合大洋钻探计划（IODP）网站U1389最后250 KYR C，近直布罗陀海峡。在MOW双方的实力和底栖δ ¹³C主要是由地中海水文预算中进动控制的波动引起的。在岁差最大值/最小值处，尼罗河排放量的减少/增强和地中海年降雨量的降低/较高，导致直布罗陀的MOW强度较高/较低，而地中海的上覆环流更强/更弱。在千禧年尺度上，格陵兰岛淤地运动期间向大气的较高热量和淡水损失增加了地中海东部的浮力损失。这增加了大西洋水的密度梯度，导致加的斯湾的MOW速度更高。与非Heinrich球场不同，Heinrich球场（HSs）的速度下降幅度较小，并且在中间阶段记录到速度明显下降。在第I和第II终端HS1和HS11期间，这种薄弱的MOW特别明显。由于Laurentide和欧亚冰原释放的淡水导致大西洋中间水的密度降低，因此MOW加深触发了U1389站点深度处的较低速度。在HS期间，盐和热量侵入大西洋的更深深度，并在末尾潜入浅滩，这可能会推动终止期间大西洋经向翻转循环的变化。