Asthma in children is the most prevalent allergic disease worldwide that has become a major public health priority. The objective of this study was to examine the relationship between baseline serum vitamin D status, spirometry, and fractional exhaled nitric oxide levels (FeNO) in 64 Greek children with 'mild asthma' aged 5 to 12 years (51.6% male) in a dietary intervention study. We hypothesized that baseline serum vitamin D levels modify the beneficial response of fatty fish intake on pulmonary function in asthmatic children following a Mediterranean diet. The intervention group consumed 2 fatty fish meals/week (≥150 g cooked filleted fish/meal) as part of the Mediterranean diet for six months, and the control group consumed their usual diet. Baseline serum 25(OH)D was determined using enzyme-linked immunoassay and defined as sufficient levels of 25(OH)D ≥25 ng/mL. Only 36% of children were graded as sufficient in 25(OH)D levels on entry into the study with a higher proportion of girls insufficient than boys (61% vs 39% respectively). Participants with sufficient levels of serum 25(OH)D at baseline, consuming the intervention diet increased FEV1/FVC by 4.89 units (β = 4.89; 95%CI: 1.19-8.61; p = 0.013) and FEF25-75% by 12.83 units (β = 12.83; 95%CI: 4.27-21.40; p = 0.006) compared to controls. No significant differences in pulmonary function or FeNO were observed for those with insufficient levels of 25(OH) D in the intervention or control groups. In conclusion, sufficient serum vitamin D levels enhanced ventilatory function in response to a dietary intervention in asthmatic children.

中文翻译：

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富含脂肪鱼干预研究的地中海饮食后，充足的维生素 D 状态积极改善了哮喘儿童的通气功能

儿童哮喘是世界范围内最普遍的过敏性疾病，已成为主要的公共卫生优先事项。本研究的目的是检查 64 名 5 至 12 岁患有“轻度哮喘”的希腊儿童（男性占 51.6%）的基线血清维生素 D 状态、肺活量测定和呼出气一氧化氮浓度 (FeNO) 之间的关系。干预研究。我们假设基线血清维生素 D 水平改变了脂肪鱼摄入对地中海饮食后哮喘儿童肺功能的有益反应。作为地中海饮食的一部分，干预组每周食用 2 份脂肪鱼粉（≥150 克煮熟的鱼片/餐），作为地中海饮食的一部分，对照组食用他们的常规饮食。使用酶联免疫测定法测定基线血清 25(OH)D，并定义为 25(OH)D ≥25 ng/mL 的足够水平。在进入研究时，只有 36% 的儿童在 25(OH)D 水平上被评为足够，其中女孩的比例高于男孩（分别为 61% 和 39%）。基线时血清 25(OH)D 水平足够的参与者，食用干预饮食后 FEV1/FVC 增加了 4.89 个单位（β = 4.89；95%CI：1.19-8.61；p = 0.013）和 FEF25-75% 增加了 12.83 个单位(β = 12.83; 95% CI: 4.27-21.40; p = 0.006) 与对照相比。对于干预组或对照组中 25(OH)D 水平不足的患者，未观察到肺功能或 FeNO 的显着差异。总之，足够的血清维生素 D 水平增强了对哮喘儿童饮食干预的通气功能。