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Birth size and morphological femininity in adult women.
BMC Evolutionary Biology ( IF 3.4 ) Pub Date : 2020-08-15 , DOI: 10.1186/s12862-020-01670-z
Agnieszka Żelaźniewicz 1 , Judyta Nowak 1 , Bogusław Pawłowski 1
Affiliation  

Women’s morphological femininity is perceived to develop under the influence of sex hormones and to serve as a cue of estradiol level, fertility and health in mating context. However, as the studies on direct relationship between femininity and sex steroid levels have reported mixed results, it is still not well understood what factors contribute to inter-women variation in morphological femininity. Epidemiological studies show that indicators of adverse conditions during intrauterine growth and development in utero, such as low birthweight or relative thinness at birth, influence women’s physiology ovarian functioning and may be associated with life-time exposure to estradiol in women. Thus, here we tested if birth parameters are also related with the level of morphological femininity in adult women. One hundred sixty-five healthy women of mean age 28.47 years (SD = 2.39) participated in the study. Facial femininity was estimated based on facial width-to-height ratio (fWHR) and facial shape sexual dimorphism measured in the photos. Body femininity was estimated based on waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) and breast size. Birth weight and birth length were obtained from medical records and ponderal index at birth was calculated. No relationship between birth parameters and facial or body femininity in women of reproductive age was found, also when controlled for adult sex steroid levels and BMI. The results suggest that, although previous research showed that birth parameters predict reproductive development and adult oestradiol level, they do not explain the variance in morphological femininity in women of reproductive age, trait that is thought to be a cue of a woman’s estradiol level and fertility in mating context.

中文翻译:

成年妇女的出生人数和形态女性气质。

人们认为女性的形态女性气质是在性激素的影响下发展起来的,并且在交配的情况下可以作为雌二醇水平,生育能力和健康状况的线索。然而,由于有关女性气质与性类固醇水平之间直接关系的研究报道了好坏参半的结果,因此尚不清楚什么因素导致女性间形态女性气质的变化。流行病学研究表明,子宫内子宫内生长和发育过程中的不利条件指标,如低出生体重或出生时相对较瘦,会影响妇女的卵巢生理功能,并且可能与妇女终生接触雌二醇有关。因此,在这里我们测试了出生参数是否也与成年女性的形态女性气质水平相关。165名平均年龄28.47岁(SD = 2.39)的健康女性参加了这项研究。根据照片中测得的面部宽高比(fWHR)和面部形状性二态性,估算面部女性气质。根据腰臀比(WHR)和乳房大小估算身体女性气质。从病历中获得出生体重和出生时长,并计算出出生时的总指标。在控制成年性类固醇水平和BMI时,也未发现育龄妇女的出生参数与面部或身体女性气质之间存在关联。结果表明,尽管先前的研究表明出生参数可以预测生殖发育和成人雌二醇水平,但不能解释生育年龄女性的形态女性气质差异,
更新日期:2020-08-15
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