Diamondback moth (DBM), Plutella xylostella, is an important pest of crucifers worldwide. The extensive use of diamide insecticides has led to DBM resistance in the world, and this presents a serious threat to vegetable production. In the present study, transcriptomic and proteomic analyses were combined to investigate the potential flubendiamide‐resistance mechanism in DBM. The lab‐selected (Rh) and field‐collected (Rb) flubendiamide‐resistant lines of P. xylostella with resistance ratios of 1889.92‐fold and 1250.97‐fold, respectively, were used, as well as a lab‐reared flubendiamide‐susceptible line (S). Compared with the S group, the transcriptomic analysis revealed 151 upregulated and 287 downregulated gene messengers in the Rh group and 432 upregulated and 565 downregulated gene messengers in the Rb group. The most frequently enriched pathways of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were mainly involved in metabolic pathways. Metabolism related genes, including two P450, two ABC transporters, and three trypsins, were upregulated in the Rh line. Additionally, some P450 genes, trypsin, juvenile hormone (JH), and mucin genes were also upregulated in the Rb line. In proteomic analysis comparisons with the S group, there were 78 upregulated and 90 downregulated proteins in the Rh group and 221 upregulated and 155 downregulated proteins in the Rb group. Further analyses found that three CYP and 11 CYP proteins were over‐expressed in Rh and Rb lines, respectively. Four glutathione S‐transferase (GST) and four UGTs were over‐expressed in Rb line. So, we deduced that the detoxification metabolism may be the main mechanism of flubendiamide resistance in P. xylostella.

中文翻译：

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小菜蛾氟虫双酰胺抗性的转录组学和蛋白质组学联合分析

小菜蛾(DBM)，Plutella xylostella，是世界范围内十字花科植物的重要害虫。二酰胺类杀虫剂的广泛使用导致世界范围内对DBM产生抗药性，对蔬菜生产构成严重威胁。在本研究中，结合转录组学和蛋白质组学分析来研究 DBM 中潜在的氟虫双酰胺耐药机制。使用实验室选择（Rh）和田间采集（Rb）氟虫双酰胺抗性品系的小菜蛾抗性比分别为 1889.92 倍和 1250.97 倍，以及实验室培育的氟虫双酰胺敏感品系(S)。与 S 组相比，转录组学分析显示 Rh 组中有 151 个上调和 287 个下调的基因信使，Rb 组中有 432 个上调和 565 个下调的基因信使。差异表达基因（DEGs）最常富集的途径主要涉及代谢途径。代谢相关基因，包括两个 P450、两个 ABC 转运蛋白和三个胰蛋白酶，在 Rh 系中上调。此外，一些 P450 基因、胰蛋白酶、保幼激素 (JH) 和粘蛋白基因也在 Rb 系中上调。在与 S 组的蛋白质组学分析比较中，Rh 组有 78 个上调蛋白和 90 个下调蛋白，Rb 组有 221 个上调和 155 个下调蛋白。进一步的分析发现，三种 CYP 和 11 种 CYP 蛋白分别在 Rh 和 Rb 系中过表达。四种谷胱甘肽 S 转移酶 (GST) 和四种 UGT 在 Rb 系中过表达。因此，我们推断解毒代谢可能是青霉病菌对氟虫双酰胺耐药的主要机制。