Anomalous thunderstorm charge structures (ACSs), characterized by a dominant layer of positive charge in the lower mixed‐phase region, are uncommon and rarely reported outside of the Great Plains region of the United States. This study documents the kinematics, precipitation microphysics, and charge structures of two supercell thunderstorms exhibiting ACSs that were observed in the Southeastern United States. Ground‐based three‐dimensional total lightning observations, polarimetric Doppler radar observations, and environmental model analysis of these supercells presented the opportunity to evaluate conceptual models of ACS development and characteristics in an atypical parameter space. In both anomalous storms, prominent layers of positive charge were located in lower to middle mixed‐phase regions (−10°C to −30°C) of updrafts and were spatially associated with riming hydrometeor types. Simultaneously, negative charge regions were identified above the primary positive charge layers in the upper mixed‐phase and glaciated region of updrafts, collocated with graupel and small ice hydrometeors. While coarse charge structure observations were consistent with noninductive charging‐based models of anomalous storms, charge structure complexities were also observed that suggested variability in cloud microphysical conditions. Analysis of the environments in which these storms formed indicated that several parameters thought to increase mixed‐phase liquid water content in favor of anomalous charging were inconsistent with those documented in the Great Plains region. However, environmental humidity metrics were most comparable. Comparisons between these and other documented anomalous storms identified similarities in kinematic structure and microphysical conditions while motivating ongoing study of the environmental parameter space supportive of ACSs.

中文翻译：

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美国东南部超级单体雷暴中异常电荷结构的观测

异常的雷暴电荷结构（ACSs）的特征是在较低的混合相区域中占主导地位的正电荷层，在美国大平原地区以外很少见，也很少报道。这项研究记录了在美国东南部观测到的两次显示ACS的超级单体雷暴的运动学，降水微物理学和电荷结构。基于地面的三维总雷电观测，极化多普勒雷达观测以及这些超级电池的环境模型分析为评估非典型参数空间中ACS的发展和特征的概念模型提供了机会。在这两次异常风暴中，正电荷的显着层位于较低至中间的混合相区域（− 10°C至-30℃）的上升气流，并且在空间上与边缘水凝液类型有关。同时，在上升气流的上部混合相和冰川区域中，在初级正电荷层上方发现了负电荷区，并与格拉珀尔和小型冰水流星并置。尽管粗略的电荷结构观察结果与基于非感应电荷的异常风暴模型一致，但也观察到电荷结构的复杂性暗示了云微物理条件的可变性。对这些风暴形成的环境的分析表明，一些被认为可以增加混合相液态水含量以利于异常充电的参数与大平原地区记录的参数不一致。但是，环境湿度指标最具有可比性。