A number of different surgical techniques for the treatment of cancer of the esophagus and the esophagogastric junction have been proposed. Guidelines generally recommend a transthoracic approach for esophageal cancer, including Siewert type I tumors. In tumors of the proximal esophageal third, transthoracic esophagectomy may be extended to a three‐field approach, including resection of cervical lymph nodes. However, the choice between transthoracic esophagectomy with intrathoracic anastomosis (Ivor Lewis esophagectomy) and the three‐incision approach with cervical esophago‐gastrostomy (McKeown esophagectomy) remains controversial, with guidelines varying among different countries. Furthermore, it is commonly accepted that Siewert type III tumors should be treated by extended total gastrectomy with transhiatal resection of the lower esophagus, whereas currently no consensus exists regarding the optimal surgical approach for the treatment of Siewert type II adenocarcinoma. Likewise, there is a major controversy regarding palliative and potentially curative treatment modalities in oligometastatic disease. This review deals with current surgical treatment standards for cancer of the esophagus and the eosphagogastric junction, including discussion of ongoing trials.

中文翻译：

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食管食管胃交界处癌现行手术治疗标准

已经提出了许多用于治疗食管癌和食管胃交界处癌症的不同手术技术。指南通常推荐经胸手术治疗食管癌，包括 Siewert I 型肿瘤。在近端食管肿瘤中，经胸食管切除术可扩展为三区方法，包括切除颈部淋巴结。然而，在经胸食管切除术和胸腔内吻合术（Ivor Lewis 食管切除术）和宫颈食管胃造口术（McKeown 食管切除术）三切口之间的选择仍然存在争议，不同国家的指南各不相同。此外，普遍认为 Siewert III 型肿瘤应通过扩大全胃切除术和下食管经裂孔切除术进行治疗，而目前对于治疗 Siewert II 型腺癌的最佳手术方法尚无共识。同样，关于寡转移性疾病的姑息性和潜在治愈性治疗方式也存在重大争议。本综述涉及食管癌和食管胃交界处癌症的现行手术治疗标准，包括对正在进行的试验的讨论。