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Phenylpropanoid Derivatives Are Essential Components of Sporopollenin in Vascular Plants.
Molecular Plant ( IF 27.5 ) Pub Date : 2020-08-15 , DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2020.08.005
Jing-Shi Xue 1 , Baocai Zhang 2 , HuaDong Zhan 3 , Yong-Lin Lv 1 , Xin-Lei Jia 1 , TianHua Wang 1 , Nai-Ying Yang 1 , Yu-Xia Lou 1 , Zai-Bao Zhang 4 , Wen-Jing Hu 1 , Jinshan Gui 5 , Jianguo Cao 1 , Ping Xu 1 , Yihua Zhou 2 , Jin-Feng Hu 6 , Laigeng Li 5 , Zhong-Nan Yang 1
Affiliation  

The outer wall of pollen and spores, namely the exine, is composed of sporopollenin, which is highly resistant to chemical reagents and enzymes. In this study, we demonstrated that phenylpropanoid pathway derivatives are essential components of sporopollenin in seed plants. Spectral analyses showed that the autofluorescence of Lilium and Arabidopsis sporopollenin is similar to that of lignin. Thioacidolysis and NMR analyses of pollen from Lilium and Cryptomeria further revealed that the sporopollenin of seed plants contains phenylpropanoid derivatives, including p-hydroxybenzoate (p-BA), p-coumarate (p-CA), ferulate (FA), and lignin guaiacyl (G) units. The phenylpropanoid pathway is expressed in the tapetum in Arabidopsis, consistent with the fact that the sporopollenin precursor originates from the tapetum. Further germination and comet assays showed that this pathway plays an important role in protection of pollen against UV radiation. In the pteridophyte plant species Ophioglossum vulgatum and Lycopodium clavata, phenylpropanoid derivatives including p-BA and p-CA were also detected, but G units were not. Taken together, our results indicate that phenylpropanoid derivatives are essential for sporopollenin synthesis in vascular plants. In addition, sporopollenin autofluorescence spectra of bryophytes, such as Physcomitrella and Haplocladium, exhibit distinct characteristics compared with those of vascular plants, indicating the diversity of sporopollenin among land plants.



中文翻译:

苯丙烷类衍生物是维管植物中孢粉蛋白的必需成分。

花粉和孢子的外壁,即外壁,由孢粉组成,对化学试剂和酶具有很高的抵抗力。在这项研究中,我们证明了苯丙烷类途径衍生物是种子植物中孢粉的必需成分。光谱分析表明,百合拟南芥孢粉的自发荧光与木质素相似。硫代酸和从花粉的NMR分析百合柳杉进一步透露,种子植物的孢粉含有苯丙衍生物,包括p羟基苯(p -BA),p -coumarate(p-CA),阿魏酸(FA)和木质素愈创木脂(G)单位。苯丙氨酸途径在拟南芥的绒毡层中表达,这与孢粉素前体起源于绒毡层这一事实是一致的。进一步的发芽和彗星试验表明,该途径在保护花粉免受紫外线辐射中起着重要作用。在蕨类植物中,Ophioglossum vulgatumLycopodium clavata中的苯丙烷衍生物包括p -BA和p还检测到-CA,但未检测到G单位。两者合计,我们的结果表明,苯丙烷衍生物对于维管植物孢粉的合成至关重要。此外,苔藓植物孢粉,如自体荧光光谱的小立碗小羽藓属,表现出与那些维管束植物相比不同的特性,这表明孢粉素的陆生植物中的多样性。

更新日期:2020-08-15
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