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Quantifying iron removal efficiency of a passive mine water treatment system using turbidity as a proxy for (particulate) iron
Applied Geochemistry ( IF 3.4 ) Pub Date : 2020-11-01 , DOI: 10.1016/j.apgeochem.2020.104731 Joscha Opitz , Matthias Alte , Martin Bauer , Stefan Peiffer
Applied Geochemistry ( IF 3.4 ) Pub Date : 2020-11-01 , DOI: 10.1016/j.apgeochem.2020.104731 Joscha Opitz , Matthias Alte , Martin Bauer , Stefan Peiffer
Abstract Passive treatment systems are frequently used for the removal of iron from circum-neutral, ferruginous mine discharges. Upon oxygenation, iron is quickly oxidised and precipitated, and thus predominantly present as particulate hydrous ferric oxide. The objective of this study was to quantify whether turbidity as continuously monitored via in-situ sensors could serve as a surrogate for particulate iron throughout a passive treatment system. Accordingly, a statistical relationship between turbidity and particulate iron was established for a ferruginous, circum-neutral seepage water flowing through a passive pilot plant at an abandoned mine site with c(Fepart) = 0.092 × [Turb] + 0.031. The multi-stage pilot plant was equipped with ten fixed turbidity sensors to obtain a high-resolution dataset for exploitation of the near-monocausal turbidity-iron-relationship. The statistical proxy-relationship obtained from extensive monitoring by way of linear regression allowed approximate conversion of continuously monitored turbidity to particulate iron concentration with reasonable degree of accuracy. The conversion was used to describe iron transport and removal at the 30-min logging interval of the turbidity sensors and to establish a corresponding high-resolution mass balance for the pilot plant. This high-resolution mass balance showed that simpler mass balances based on overall averages or frequent, yet episodic semi-weekly samplings tended to considerably overestimate iron mass flow and accumulation due to the temporal variability in hydraulic loading, especially during weekends. Therefore, continuous monitoring of turbidity as a proxy for iron can provide a more accurate estimate of iron removal and hence an improved assessment of the iron mass balance, especially if flow rate and/or inflow concentration are subject to fluctuations. Since iron is the decisive compliance parameter on site, the correlation can be used to greatly improve data resolution (in this study from semi-weekly to 30-min interval) and quality as well as cost efficiency of monitoring efforts.
中文翻译:
使用浊度作为(颗粒)铁的代表量化被动矿井水处理系统的除铁效率
摘要 被动处理系统经常用于去除环中性含铁矿井排放物中的铁。氧化后,铁会迅速氧化并沉淀,因此主要以颗粒状水合氧化铁的形式存在。本研究的目的是量化通过原位传感器连续监测的浊度是否可以作为整个被动处理系统中颗粒铁的替代品。因此,对于流经废弃矿场被动中试工厂的含铁、环中性渗流水,浊度和颗粒铁之间的统计关系成立,c(Fepart) = 0.092 × [Turb] + 0.031。多级试验工厂配备了十个固定浊度传感器,以获得高分辨率数据集,用于开发近乎单一的浊度-铁关系。通过线性回归从广泛监测中获得的统计代理关系允许以合理的准确度将连续监测的浊度近似转换为颗粒铁浓度。该转换用于描述浊度传感器在 30 分钟记录间隔内的铁传输和去除,并为中试工厂建立相应的高分辨率质量平衡。这种高分辨率的质量平衡表明,基于整体平均值或频繁的更简单的质量平衡,然而,由于水力负荷的时间变化,特别是在周末,间歇性的半周采样往往会大大高估铁的质量流量和积累。因此,连续监测浊度作为铁的替代物可以提供更准确的除铁估计,从而改进对铁质量平衡的评估,尤其是在流速和/或流入浓度波动的情况下。由于铁是现场决定性的合规性参数,因此相关性可用于大大提高数据分辨率(在本研究中从半周到 30 分钟间隔)和质量以及监测工作的成本效率。连续监测浊度作为铁的替代物可以提供更准确的除铁估计值,从而改进对铁质量平衡的评估,尤其是在流速和/或流入浓度波动的情况下。由于铁是现场决定性的合规性参数,因此相关性可用于大大提高数据分辨率(在本研究中从半周到 30 分钟间隔)和质量以及监测工作的成本效率。连续监测浊度作为铁的替代物可以提供更准确的除铁估计值,从而改进对铁质量平衡的评估,尤其是在流速和/或流入浓度波动的情况下。由于铁是现场决定性的合规性参数,因此相关性可用于大大提高数据分辨率(在本研究中从半周到 30 分钟间隔)和质量以及监测工作的成本效率。
更新日期:2020-11-01
中文翻译:
使用浊度作为(颗粒)铁的代表量化被动矿井水处理系统的除铁效率
摘要 被动处理系统经常用于去除环中性含铁矿井排放物中的铁。氧化后,铁会迅速氧化并沉淀,因此主要以颗粒状水合氧化铁的形式存在。本研究的目的是量化通过原位传感器连续监测的浊度是否可以作为整个被动处理系统中颗粒铁的替代品。因此,对于流经废弃矿场被动中试工厂的含铁、环中性渗流水,浊度和颗粒铁之间的统计关系成立,c(Fepart) = 0.092 × [Turb] + 0.031。多级试验工厂配备了十个固定浊度传感器,以获得高分辨率数据集,用于开发近乎单一的浊度-铁关系。通过线性回归从广泛监测中获得的统计代理关系允许以合理的准确度将连续监测的浊度近似转换为颗粒铁浓度。该转换用于描述浊度传感器在 30 分钟记录间隔内的铁传输和去除,并为中试工厂建立相应的高分辨率质量平衡。这种高分辨率的质量平衡表明,基于整体平均值或频繁的更简单的质量平衡,然而,由于水力负荷的时间变化,特别是在周末,间歇性的半周采样往往会大大高估铁的质量流量和积累。因此,连续监测浊度作为铁的替代物可以提供更准确的除铁估计,从而改进对铁质量平衡的评估,尤其是在流速和/或流入浓度波动的情况下。由于铁是现场决定性的合规性参数,因此相关性可用于大大提高数据分辨率(在本研究中从半周到 30 分钟间隔)和质量以及监测工作的成本效率。连续监测浊度作为铁的替代物可以提供更准确的除铁估计值,从而改进对铁质量平衡的评估,尤其是在流速和/或流入浓度波动的情况下。由于铁是现场决定性的合规性参数,因此相关性可用于大大提高数据分辨率(在本研究中从半周到 30 分钟间隔)和质量以及监测工作的成本效率。连续监测浊度作为铁的替代物可以提供更准确的除铁估计值,从而改进对铁质量平衡的评估,尤其是在流速和/或流入浓度波动的情况下。由于铁是现场决定性的合规性参数,因此相关性可用于大大提高数据分辨率(在本研究中从半周到 30 分钟间隔)和质量以及监测工作的成本效率。