A large number of low-dimensional nanomaterials having different shapes and being dispersible in solvents open a fundamental question if there is a universal deposition technique for the monolayer formation. A monolayer formation of various nanomaterials at the air-water interface, also known as a Langmuir film, is a well-established technique even for the large group of the recently developed low-dimensional nanomaterials. In this review, we cover the monolayer formation of the zero-dimensional, one-dimensional and two-dimensional nanomaterials. Thanks to the formation of a Langmuir layer at the thermodynamic equilibrium, by using a suitable nanomaterial dispersion and subphase, the monolayers can be formed from all kinds of materials, ranging from the graphene oxide to the semiconducting quantum dots. In this review, we will discuss the basic requirements for the successful formation of monolayers and summarize the recent scientific advances in the field of Langmuir films.

如果存在用于单层形成的通用沉积技术，则许多具有不同形状并且可分散在溶剂中的低维纳米材料提出了一个基本问题。在空气-水界面处形成各种纳米材料的单层结构（也称为Langmuir膜）是一种成熟的技术，即使对于最近开发的大量低尺寸纳米材料也是如此。在这篇综述中，我们涵盖了零维，一维和二维纳米材料的单层形成。由于在热力学平衡状态下形成了Langmuir层，通过使用合适的纳米材料分散体和子相，可以从各种材料（从氧化石墨烯到半导体量子点）形成单层。在这篇综述中，我们将讨论成功形成单分子膜的基本要求，并总结Langmuir膜领域的最新科学进展。