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Mine tailings as a raw material in alkali activation: A review
International Journal of Minerals, Metallurgy and Materials ( IF 4.8 ) Pub Date : 2020-08-15 , DOI: 10.1007/s12613-020-2129-6
Jenni Kiventerä , Priyadharshini Perumal , Juho Yliniemi , Mirja Illikainen

The mining industry produces billions of tons of mine tailings annually. However, because of their lack of economic value, most of the tailings are discarded near the mining sites, typically under water. The primary environmental concerns of mine tailings are related to their heavy metal and sulfidic mineral content. Oxidation of sulfidic minerals can produce acid mine drainage that leaches heavy metals into the surrounding water. The management of tailing dams requires expensive construction and careful control, and there is the need for stable, sustainable, and economically viable management technologies. Alkali activation as a solidification/stabilization technology offers an attractive way to deal with mine tailings. Alkali activated materials are hardened, concrete-like structures that can be formed from raw materials that are rich in aluminum and silicon, which fortunately, are the main elements in mining residues. Furthermore, alkali activation can immobilize harmful heavy metals within the structure. This review describes the research on alkali activated mine tailings. The reactivity and chemistry of different minerals are discussed. Since many mine tailings are poorly reactive under alkaline conditions, different pretreatment methods and their effects on the mineralogy are reviewed. Possible applications for these materials are also discussed.



中文翻译:

矿山尾矿作为碱活化原料:综述

采矿业每年生产数十亿吨的矿山尾矿。但是,由于缺乏经济价值,大多数尾矿被丢弃在采矿场附近,通常是在水下。尾矿的主要环境问题与其重金属和硫化矿物含量有关。硫化矿物的氧化会产生酸性矿山排水,从而将重金属浸出到周围的水中。尾矿坝的管理需要昂贵的建设和仔细的控制,并且需要稳定,可持续和经济上可行的管理技术。碱活化作为固化/稳定化技术提供了一种有吸引力的方式来处理矿山尾矿。碱活化材料被硬化,可以从富含铝和硅的原材料形成的混凝土状结构是幸运的,这是采矿残余物中的主要元素。此外,碱活化可将有害重金属固定在结构内。这篇综述描述了碱活化矿山尾矿的研究。讨论了不同矿物的反应性和化学性质。由于许多矿山尾矿在碱性条件下反应性较差,因此对不同的预处理方法及其对矿物学的影响进行了综述。还讨论了这些材料的可能应用。讨论了不同矿物的反应性和化学性质。由于许多矿山尾矿在碱性条件下反应性较差,因此对不同的预处理方法及其对矿物学的影响进行了综述。还讨论了这些材料的可能应用。讨论了不同矿物的反应性和化学性质。由于许多矿山尾矿在碱性条件下反应性较差,因此对不同的预处理方法及其对矿物学的影响进行了综述。还讨论了这些材料的可能应用。

更新日期:2020-08-15
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