We model the costs of carbon capture and storage (CCS) in subsurface geological formations for emissions from 138 northeastern and midwestern electricity-generating power plants. The analysis suggests coal-sourced CO₂ emissions can be stored in this region at a cost of $52–$60 ton⁻¹, whereas the cost to store emission from natural-gas-fired plants ranges from approximately $80 to $90. Storing emissions offshore increases the lowest total costs of CCS to over $60 per ton of CO₂ for coal. Because there apparently is sufficient onshore storage in the northeastern and midwestern United States, offshore storage is not necessary or economical unless there are additional costs or suitability issues associated with the onshore reservoirs. For example, if formation pressures are prohibitive in a large-scale deployment of onshore CCS, or if there is opposition to onshore storage, offshore storage space could probably store emissions at an additional cost of less than $10 ton⁻¹. Finally, it is likely that more than 8 Gt of total CO₂ emissions from this region can be stored for less $60 ton⁻¹, slightly more than the $50 ton⁻¹ Section 45Q tax credits incentivizing CCS.

我们模拟了 138 个东北部和中西部发电厂排放的地下地质构造中碳捕获和储存 (CCS) 的成本。分析表明，该地区可以以 52 美元至 60 美元 ton ^-1的成本储存煤源 CO ₂排放物，而储存天然气发电厂排放物的成本约为 80 美元至 90 美元。在海上储存排放物将 CCS 的最低总成本增加到每吨 CO ₂超过 60 美元为煤。由于美国东北部和中西部显然有足够的陆上储存，因此海上储存不是必需的或经济的，除非存在与陆上水库相关的额外成本或适用性问题。例如，如果陆上CCS的大规模部署中地层压力过高，或者如果陆上储存存在反对意见，海上储存空间可能以低于10美元吨^-1的额外成本储存排放物。最后，来自该地区的超过 8 Gt 的 CO ₂总排放量很可能以低于 60 美元的 t ^{-1 的}价格进行储存，略高于 50 吨^-1部分 45Q 节激励 CCS 的税收抵免。