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The Kinematics of Massive Quiescent Galaxies at 1.4 < z < 2.1: Dark Matter Fractions, IMF Variation, and the Relation to Local Early-type Galaxies
The Astrophysical Journal ( IF 4.9 ) Pub Date : 2020-08-14 , DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/ab9ffc
J. Trevor Mendel 1, 2, 3, 4 , Alessandra Beifiori 1, 2 , Roberto P. Saglia 1, 2 , Ralf Bender 1, 2 , Gabriel B. Brammer 5 , Jeffrey Chan 6 , Natascha M. Frster Schreiber 2 , Matteo Fossati 1, 2, 7 , Audrey Galametz 8 , Ivelina G. Momcheva 9 , Erica J. Nelson 2, 10 , David J. Wilman 1, 2 , Stijn Wuyts 11
Affiliation  

We study the dynamical properties of massive quiescent galaxies at $1.4 < z < 2.1$ using deep Hubble Space Telescope WFC3/F160W imaging and a combination of literature stellar velocity dispersion measurements and new near-infrared spectra obtained using KMOS on the ESO VLT. We use these data to show that the typical dynamical-to-stellar mass ratio has increased by $\sim$0.2 dex from $z = 2$ to the present day, and investigate this evolution in the context of possible changes in the stellar initial mass function (IMF) and/or fraction of dark matter contained within the galaxy effective radius, $f_\mathrm{DM}$. Comparing our high-redshift sample to their likely descendants at low-redshift, we find that $f_\mathrm{DM}$ has increased by a factor of more than 4 since $z \approx 1.8$, from $f_\mathrm{DM}$ = $6.6\pm1.0$% to $\sim$24%. The observed increase appears robust to changes in the methods used to estimate dynamical masses or match progenitors and descendants. We quantify possible variation of the stellar IMF through the offset parameter $\alpha$, defined as the ratio of dynamical mass in stars to the stellar mass estimated using a Chabrier IMF. We demonstrate that the correlation between stellar velocity dispersion and $\alpha$ reported among quiescent galaxies at low-redshift is already in place at $z = 2$, and argue that subsequent evolution through (mostly minor) merging should act to preserve this relation while contributing significantly to galaxies overall growth in size and stellar mass.

中文翻译:

1.4 < z < 2.1 时大质量静止星系的运动学:暗物质分数、IMF 变化以及与局域早型星系的关系

我们使用深哈勃太空望远镜 WFC3/F160W 成像以及文献恒星速度色散测量和使用 ESO VLT 上的 KMOS 获得的新近红外光谱的组合,研究了 1.4 < z < 2.1 美元的大质量静止星系的动力学特性。我们使用这些数据表明,典型的动力与恒星质量比从 $z = 2$ 增加了 $\sim$0.2 dex,并在恒星初始质量可能发生变化的背景下研究了这种演变函数(IMF)和/或包含在星系有效半径内的暗物质分数,$f_\mathrm{DM}$。将我们的高红移样本与其在低红移时可能的后代进行比较,我们发现 $f_\mathrm{DM}$ 自 $z \approx 1.8$ 以来增加了 4 倍以上,从 $f_\mathrm{DM }$ = $6.6\pm1.0$% 到 $\sim$24%。观察到的增加似乎对用于估计动态质量或匹配祖先和后代的方法的变化很稳健。我们通过偏移参数 $\alpha$ 量化恒星 IMF 的可能变化,偏移参数定义为恒星的动力学质量与使用 Chabrier IMF 估计的恒星质量的比率。我们证明了在低红移的静止星系中,恒星速度色散和 $\alpha$ 之间的相关性已经存在于 $z = 2$ 处,并认为通过(主要是次要的)合并进行的后续演化应该采取行动来保持这种关系同时对星系大小和恒星质量的整体增长做出了重大贡献。我们通过偏移参数 $\alpha$ 量化恒星 IMF 的可能变化,偏移参数定义为恒星的动力学质量与使用 Chabrier IMF 估计的恒星质量的比率。我们证明了在低红移的静止星系中,恒星速度色散和 $\alpha$ 之间的相关性已经存在于 $z = 2$ 处,并认为通过(主要是次要的)合并进行的后续演化应该采取行动来保持这种关系同时对星系大小和恒星质量的整体增长做出了重大贡献。我们通过偏移参数 $\alpha$ 量化恒星 IMF 的可能变化,偏移参数定义为恒星的动力学质量与使用 Chabrier IMF 估计的恒星质量的比率。我们证明了在低红移的静止星系中,恒星速度色散和 $\alpha$ 之间的相关性已经在 $z = 2$ 处就位,并认为通过(主要是次要的)合并进行的后续演化应该可以保持这种关系同时对星系大小和恒星质量的整体增长做出了重大贡献。
更新日期:2020-08-14
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