Determining the components or coupling paths responsible for soft failures during transient testing is challenging because the components are hidden within the product and because measuring internal voltages or currents during a transient test may not be practical. Adding cables to make voltage or current measurements may be difficult and may alter the test results. To overcome this problem, in this article, two compact sensors are designed to measure the peak over or undervoltage on a trace or pin during a transient electromagnetic event. One sensor uses an analog-to-digital converter to store the peak voltage digitally and the other sensor uses an external capacitor to store an analog measure of the peak voltage for a period of time. The sensors are designed to wirelessly transmit the peak level to a remote receiver using the frequency-modulated electric and magnetic fields so that no cables or other changes to the system are needed. The proof-of-concept of the sensors was implemented in an integrated circuit using 180 nm technology. The sensor performance is characterized by direct injection and by using them to detect the peak voltage on a universal serial bus (USB) cable during a cable-guided transient event. Both sensors successfully detected and transmitted the peak level of the event.

中文翻译：

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基于测量的集成电路瞬态电磁事件传感器验证

在瞬态测试期间确定导致软故障的组件或耦合路径具有挑战性，因为这些组件隐藏在产品中，并且因为在瞬态测试期间测量内部电压或电流可能不切实际。添加电缆以进行电压或电流测量可能很困难，并且可能会改变测试结果。为了克服这个问题，在本文中，设计了两个紧凑型传感器来测量瞬态电磁事件期间走线或引脚上的峰值过压或欠压。一个传感器使用模数转换器以数字方式存储峰值电压，另一个传感器使用外部电容器在一段时间内存储峰值电压的模拟测量值。传感器设计为使用调频电场和磁场将峰值电平无线传输到远程接收器，因此无需电缆或对系统进行其他更改。传感器的概念验证是在使用 180 nm 技术的集成电路中实现的。传感器性能的特点是直接注入，并在电缆引导的瞬态事件期间使用它们来检测通用串行总线 (USB) 电缆上的峰值电压。两个传感器都成功检测并传输了事件的峰值水平。传感器性能的特点是直接注入，并在电缆引导的瞬态事件期间使用它们来检测通用串行总线 (USB) 电缆上的峰值电压。两个传感器都成功检测并传输了事件的峰值水平。传感器性能的特点是直接注入，并在电缆引导的瞬态事件期间使用它们来检测通用串行总线 (USB) 电缆上的峰值电压。两个传感器都成功检测并传输了事件的峰值水平。