Microsphere-assisted nanoscopy has shown great potential in recent developments in the field of super-resolution imaging. The precise control of microspheres is leading to new discoveries that can help verify the theories behind the super-resolution imaging mechanism. However, microsphere imaging involves multiple planes that have different magnification factors, which affect the determination of the overall resolution of the image. In this study, we present a flexible probe–lens assembly scheme that uses a barium titanate glass microsphere, as well as various scanning stages that can be used to freely investigate the sample surface and perform large-area super-resolution imaging (80 μm × 60 μm). The obtained resolution using this assembly under water immersion condition is 130 nm. By investigating the relationship between the magnification factors and the corresponding focus position of the different feature patterns, a remarkable difference in the focusing characteristics between arbitrary and periodic patterns was revealed. Results demonstrate the universality of the proposed method for the quantitative selection of the best focused plane and determination of the corresponding magnification factor and resolution of a microsphere virtual image for any feature pattern. The findings provide additional insights into the interpretation of arbitrary nanostructures through 3D optical imaging.

中文翻译：

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用微机器人扫描超透镜纳米显微镜测定微球镜放大倍数

微球辅助纳米显微镜在超分辨率成像领域的最新发展中显示出巨大潜力。对微球的精确控制导致了新发现，这些新发现可以帮助验证超分辨率成像机制背后的理论。然而，微球成像涉及具有不同放大倍数的多个平面，这会影响图像整体分辨率的确定。在这项研究中，我们提出了使用钛酸钡玻璃微球的灵活的探针-透镜组装方案，以及可用于自由研究样品表面并进行大面积超分辨率成像（80μm× 60微米）。使用该组件在水浸条件下获得的分辨率为130 nm。通过研究放大率与不同特征图案的对应焦点位置之间的关系，揭示了任意图案和周期性图案之间的聚焦特性有显着差异。结果证明了所提出的方法的普遍性，该方法用于定量选择最佳聚焦平面并确定相应放大倍数和微球虚拟图像对于任何特征图案的分辨率。这些发现为通过3D光学成像解释任意纳米结构提供了更多的见解。结果证明了所提出的方法的普遍性，该方法用于定量选择最佳聚焦平面并确定相应放大倍数和微球虚拟图像对于任何特征图案的分辨率。这些发现为通过3D光学成像解释任意纳米结构提供了更多的见解。结果证明了所提出的方法的普遍性，该方法用于定量选择最佳聚焦平面并确定相应放大倍数和微球虚拟图像对于任何特征图案的分辨率。这些发现为通过3D光学成像解释任意纳米结构提供了更多的见解。