Photovoltaic solar energy is one of the most important renewable energy sources. However, the production of this energy is nonlinear and varies depending on atmospheric parameters. Therefore, the operating point of the photovoltaic panel (PV) does not always coincide with the maximum power point (MPP). A mechanism that allows the research of the maximum power point known as maximum power point tracking (MPPT) algorithm is then needed to yield the maximum power permanently. This paper presents an intelligent control technique based on the ESC (Extremum Seeking Control) method for MPPT under varying environmental conditions. The proposed technique is an improvement of the classical ESC algorithm with an additional loop in order to increase the convergence speed. A detailed stability analysis is given not only to ensure a faster convergence of the system towards an adjustable neighborhood of the optimum point but also to confirm a better robustness of the proposed method. In addition, simulation results using Matlab/Simulink environment and experimental results using Arduino board are presented to demonstrate that the proposed modified ESC method performs better than the classical ESC under varying atmospheric conditions.

中文翻译：

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一种适用于不同环境条件下光伏系统的 MPPT 改进 ESC 算法

光伏太阳能是最重要的可再生能源之一。然而，这种能量的产生是非线性的，并根据大气参数而变化。因此，光伏面板（PV）的工作点并不总是与最大功率点（MPP）重合。然后需要一种允许研究最大功率点的机制，称为最大功率点跟踪 (MPPT) 算法，以永久产生最大功率。本文提出了一种基于 ESC（极值寻找控制）方法的智能控制技术，用于在不同环境条件下进行 MPPT。所提出的技术是对经典 ESC 算法的改进，增加了一个循环，以提高收敛速度。给出了详细的稳定性分析，不仅可以确保系统更快地收敛到最佳点的可调邻域，而且还可以确认所提出的方法具有更好的鲁棒性。此外，提供了使用 Matlab/Simulink 环境的模拟结果和使用 Arduino 板的实验结果，以证明所提出的改进 ESC 方法在不同的大气条件下比经典 ESC 方法表现更好。