Electrically tunable high mobility charges on graphene yield an efficient electro-optical platform to control and manipulate terahertz (THz) waves. Real-world applications require a multiplex THz device with efficient modulation over a large area. The trade-off between the efficient gating and switching speed, however, hinders the realization of these applications. In this Letter, we demonstrate a large-format 256-pixel THz modulator that provides high-frame-rate reconfigurable transmission patterns. The time- and frequency-domain THz characterizations of graphene devices reveal the relaxation pathways of gate-induced charges and ion packing at the graphene–electrolyte interface. The fundamental understanding of these limiting factors enables breaking the trade-off permitting switching frequencies up to 1 kHz. To show the promises of these devices, we demonstrate a single-pixel THz camera that allows spatial and spectroscopic imaging of large-area objects without any moving components. These results provide a significant advancement toward the achievement of noninvasive THz imaging systems using graphene-based platforms.

中文翻译：

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用于太赫兹成像应用的视频速度石墨烯调制器阵列

石墨烯上的电可调高迁移率电荷产生一个有效的电光平台，以控制和操纵太赫兹（THz）波。实际应用需要大范围有效调制的多路THz器件。然而，在有效的门控和切换速度之间进行权衡会阻碍这些应用的实现。在这封信中，我们演示了一个大格式的256像素THz调制器，该调制器提供了高帧率可重配置的传输模式。石墨烯器件的时域和频域太赫兹表征揭示了石墨烯-电解质界面上栅极感应电荷和离子堆积的弛豫路径。对这些限制因素的基本理解可以打破折衷方案，允许最高1 kHz的开关频率。为了展示这些设备的前景，我们展示了一种单像素太赫兹相机，该相机可以对大面积物体进行空间和光谱成像，而无需任何移动组件。这些结果为使用基于石墨烯的平台实现无创THz成像系统提供了重大进展。